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Dimension Lumber
Grade and Uses
Nominal Size (in) |
Grade |
Common grade mix 1 |
Principal uses |
2 to 4" thick
2" and wider
|
Select Structural
No. 1
No. 2
|
No. 2 & Better
(No. 2 & Btr.)
|
Used in most construction. High strength, stiffness, good appearance. Preferred for trusses, rafters and joists. |
|
No. 3 |
-------------- |
Used when high strength and appearance are not important. |
2 to 4" thick
2 to 4" wide
|
Construction
(Std. & Btr.)
|
Standard & Better
(Std. & Btr.)
|
Common mix used in general framing. Have less strength and shorter spans than No. 2 & Btr. Structural light framing. |
2 to 4" wide |
Utility 2 |
--------------- |
Used most where high strength is not important - studs and plates in partitions walls blocking, braces |
|
Economy 2 |
--------------- |
Temporary or low cost where strength and appearance is not important |
2 to 6" wide |
Stud |
--------------- |
Most common grade use for studs |
|
Economy Stud 2
(design values not assigned)
|
--------------- |
Used most economically where high strength is not important. |
1. For ease in grade sorting, the higher grades are combined and sold as a grade mix. Pieces in the grade mix are still individually grades stamped.
2. Except for the economy grades, all grades are stress graded.
For additional information on wood species use in construction, visit the Canadian Wood Council web site www.cwc.ca, the Southern Pine Marketing Council www.southerpine.com or the Western Wood Products Association www.wwpa.org.
Dimension Lumber
Grade Stamp
Lumber is stamped with a grademark to show its grade. The American Lumber Standard Board of Review set the standards and qualifies grading agencies. Each grade stamp shows the name or symbol of the agency, the number of the mill, the species group, the grade and the classification S-DRY of S-GRN. S-DRY indicates that the lumber has a moisture content of 19% or less after being kiln dried. S-GRN has a moisture content greater than 19%. The following is a facsimile of a grade Stamp.

Board Footage Chart
Board Feet Per Piece
Board Feet Per Piece |
|
1x2 |
1x3 |
1x4 |
1x5 |
1x6 |
|
1x8 |
|
1x10 |
1x12 |
1x14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5/4x4 |
|
|
|
|
5/4x8 |
|
|
54x12 |
4x4 |
|
|
|
|
|
6/4x4 |
|
|
6/4x6 |
|
6/4x8 |
|
6/4x10 |
|
Length |
|
|
2x2 |
|
|
|
2x2 |
|
|
2x6 |
|
|
2x8 |
8' |
1.3 |
2 |
2.6 |
3.3 |
4 |
5 |
5.3 |
6 |
6.6 |
8 |
9.3 |
10 |
10.6 |
10' |
1.6 |
2.5 |
3.3 |
4.1 |
5 |
6.2 |
6.6 |
7.5 |
8.3 |
10 |
11.6 |
12.5 |
13.3 |
12' |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7.5 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
12 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
14' |
2.3 |
3.5 |
4.6 |
5.8 |
7 |
8.7 |
9.3 |
10.5 |
11.6 |
14 |
16.3 |
17.5 |
18.6 |
16' |
2.6 |
4 |
5.3 |
6.6 |
8 |
10 |
10.6 |
12 |
13.3 |
16 |
18.6 |
20 |
21.3 |
18' |
3 |
4.5 |
6 |
7.5 |
9 |
11.2 |
12 |
13.5 |
15 |
18 |
21 |
22.5 |
24 |
20' |
3.3 |
5 |
6.6 |
8.3 |
10 |
12.5 |
13.3 |
15 |
16.6 |
20 |
23.3 |
25 |
26.6 |
22' |
3.6 |
5.5 |
7.3 |
9.1 |
11 |
13.7 |
14.6 |
16.5 |
18.3 |
22 |
25.6 |
27.5 |
29.3 |
24' |
4 |
6 |
8 |
10 |
12 |
15 |
16 |
18 |
20 |
24 |
28 |
30 |
32 |
Board Feet Per Piece Continued |
|
6/4x12 |
|
|
|
|
6x6 |
|
6x8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4x6 |
|
4x8 |
|
4x10 |
4x12 |
6x10 |
|
|
6x12 |
|
|
3x6 |
|
3x8 |
3x10 |
|
3x12 |
|
|
|
8x8 |
|
8x10 |
8x12 |
Length |
|
2x10 |
2x12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8' |
12 |
13.3 |
16 |
20 |
21.3 |
24 |
26.6 |
32 |
40 |
42.6 |
48 |
53.3 |
64 |
10' |
15 |
16.6 |
20 |
25 |
26.6 |
30 |
33.3 |
40 |
50 |
53.3 |
60 |
66.6 |
80 |
12' |
18 |
20 |
24 |
30 |
32 |
36 |
40 |
48 |
60 |
64 |
72 |
80 |
96 |
14' |
21 |
23.3 |
28 |
35 |
37.3 |
42 |
46.6 |
56 |
70 |
74.6 |
84 |
93.3 |
112 |
16' |
24 |
26.6 |
32 |
40 |
42.6 |
48 |
53.3 |
64 |
80 |
85.3 |
96 |
106.6 |
128 |
18' |
27 |
30 |
36 |
45 |
48 |
54 |
60 |
72 |
90 |
96 |
108 |
120 |
144 |
20' |
30 |
33.3 |
40 |
50 |
53.3 |
60 |
66.6 |
80 |
100 |
106.6 |
120 |
133.3 |
160 |
22' |
33 |
36.6 |
44 |
55 |
58.6 |
66 |
73.3 |
88 |
110 |
117.3 |
132 |
146.6 |
176 |
24' |
36 |
40 |
48 |
60 |
64 |
72 |
80 |
96 |
120 |
128 |
144 |
160 |
192 |
Board Footage Chart
Board Feet Conversions
The basic unit of measure of lumber cut from a log is the board foot. A board foot contains 144 cubic inches of volume. It is generally easiest to compare any piece of lumber to a board foot of lumber measuring one (1) inch thick, twelve (12) inches wide and one (1) foot long. Lumber under one (1) inch thick is generally considered the same as one (1) inch thick for estimating purposes. |
To calculate the BOARD FEET in a given piece
or amount of lumber, use the formula: |
T" x W" x L' ÷ 12 = Bd. Ft. |
To convert board feet to linear feet: |
12 ÷ T" x W" x Bd. ft. = Linear ft. |
Wood Species Used in Construction
Canadian Species
Species Combination |
Abbreviations |
Species Included
In Combination |
Physical Characteristics |
Color Range |
Spruce - Pine - Fir |
S - P - F |
Spruce (all Species except Coastal Sitka),
Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir, Alpine Fir |
-Lightweight
-Works easily
-Takes paint well
-Holds paint well
-Small knots
|
White to pale yellow |
Douglas Fir - Larch |
D - Fir - L (N) |
Douglas Fir
Western Larch
|
-High degree of harness
-Good resistance to decay
|
Reddish brow to yellowish brown |
Hem - Fir - (North) |
Hem - Fir (N) |
Pacific - Hemlock
Amablis Fir
|
-Works easily
-Takes paint well
-Holds nails well
|
Yellow brown to white |
Northern Species |
North Species |
Western Red Cedar |
-Exceptional resistance to decay
-High appearance qualities
-Works easily
-Takes fine finishes
|
|
Northern Species |
North Species |
Red Pine |
-Works easily |
Reddish to pale brown heartwood |
|
|
Ponderosa Pine |
-Takes finish well
-Works easily - finishes well
-Little splitting or splintering
|
Pale yellow sapwood |
|
|
Western White Pine
Eastern White Pine
|
-Softest of Canadian Pine
-Works Easily
-Finish Easily
-Little splitting
-Holds nails well
-Takes stains, paint well
|
Almost white sapwood, creamy white to light straw brown heartwood |
|
|
Trembling Aspen
Largetooth Aspen
Balsam Poplar
|
-Works easily
-Takes finish well
-Holds nails well
|
Almost white to grayish white |
|
|
Any other Canadian species graded in accordance with the NLGA rules |
|
Wood Species Used in Construction
Canadian Lumber Span Charts
These span charts represent the most commonly available grades of Canadian Dimensional Lumber. Spans are for use in the USA and for dry service conditions. For other grades and loading conditions and spacing refer to the Canadian Dimension Lumber Data Book published by the Canadian Wood Council. www.cwa.ca Span charts courtesy of the Canadian Wood Council. |
Spruce
Pine Fir |
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
11-7 |
11-3 |
9-8 |
15-3 |
14-11 |
12-4 |
19-5 |
19-0 |
15-0 |
23-7 |
23-0 |
17.5 |
16" |
10-6 |
10-3 |
8-5 |
13-10 |
13-16 |
10-8 |
17-8 |
17-2 |
13-0 |
21-6 |
19-11 |
15-1 |
24" |
9-2 |
8-11 |
6-10 |
12-1 |
11-6 |
8-8 |
15-5 |
14-1 |
10-7 |
18-9 |
16-3 |
12-4 |
Doug Fir
Larch
North |
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
12-6 |
11-10 |
9-6 |
16-6 |
15-7 |
12-0 |
21-0 |
19-3 |
14-8 |
25-7 |
22-4 |
17-0 |
16" |
11-4 |
10-9 |
8-2 |
15-0 |
13-8 |
10-5 |
19-1 |
16-8 |
12-8 |
23-3 |
19-4 |
14-8 |
24" |
9-11 |
8-10 |
6-8 |
13-1 |
11-2 |
8-6 |
16-8 |
13-8 |
10-4 |
19-10 |
15-10 |
12-0 |
Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction
Floor Joists - Sleeping Rooms and Attics 30 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load
Hem-Fir
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
12-0 |
11-10 |
10-5 |
15-10 |
15-7 |
13-2 |
20-3 |
19-10 |
16-1 |
24-8 |
24-2 |
18-8 |
16" |
10-11 |
10-9 |
9-0 |
14-5 |
14-2 |
11-5 |
18-5 |
18-0 |
13-11 |
22-5 |
21-4 |
16-2 |
24" |
9-7 |
9-4 |
7-4 |
12-7 |
12-4 |
9-4 |
16-1 |
15-0 |
11-5 |
19-7 |
17-5 |
13-2 |
North
Species
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-5 |
10-5 |
8-1 |
13-9 |
13-2 |
10-3 |
17-6 |
16-1 |
12-7 |
21-4 |
18-8 |
14-3 |
16" |
9-6 |
9-0 |
7-0 |
12-6 |
11-5 |
8-11 |
15-11 |
13-11 |
10-11 |
19-4 |
16-2 |
12-7 |
24" |
8-3 |
7-4 |
5-9 |
10-11 |
9-4 |
7-3 |
13-11 |
11-5 |
8-11 |
16-11 |
13-2 |
10-4 |
Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction
Floor Joists - Sleeping Rooms and Attics 40 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load
Spruce
Pine
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-6 |
10-3 |
8-8 |
13-10 |
13-6 |
11-0 |
17-8 |
17-3 |
13-5 |
21-6 |
20-7 |
15-7 |
16" |
9-6 |
9-4 |
7-6 |
12-7 |
12-3 |
9-6 |
16-0 |
15-5 |
11-8 |
19-6 |
17-10 |
13-6 |
24" |
8-4 |
8-1 |
6-2 |
11-0 |
10-3 |
7-9 |
14-0 |
12-7 |
9-6 |
17-0 |
14-7 |
11-0 |
Doug Fir
Larch
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
11-4 |
10-9 |
8-6 |
15-0 |
14-1 |
10-9 |
19-1 |
17-3 |
13-1 |
23-3 |
20-0 |
15-2 |
16" |
10-4 |
9-8 |
7-4 |
13-7 |
12-3 |
9-3 |
17-4 |
14-11 |
11-4 |
21-1 |
17-4 |
13-2 |
24" |
9-0 |
7-11 |
6-0 |
11-11 |
10-0 |
7-7 |
15-2 |
12-2 |
9-3 |
17-9 |
14-2 |
10-9 |
Hem
Fir
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-11 |
10-9 |
9-4 |
14-5 |
14-2 |
11-9 |
18-5 |
18-0 |
14-5 |
22-5 |
21-11 |
16-8 |
16" |
9-11 |
9-9 |
8-1 |
13-1 |
12-10 |
10-3 |
16-9 |
16-5 |
12-6 |
20-6 |
20-4 |
19-1 |
14-6 |
8-8 |
8-6 |
6-7 |
11-5 |
11-0 |
8-4 |
14-7 |
13-5 |
10-2 |
17-9 |
15-7 |
11-0 |
North
Species
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
9-6 |
9-4 |
7-3 |
12-6 |
11-9 |
9-2 |
15-11 |
14-5 |
11-3 |
19-4 |
16-8 |
13-0 |
16" |
8-7 |
8-1 |
6-3 |
11-4 |
10-3 |
8-0 |
14-6 |
12-6 |
9-9 |
17-7 |
14-6 |
11-3 |
24" |
7-6 |
6-7 |
5-2 |
9-11 |
8-4 |
6-6 |
12-8 |
10-2 |
7-11 |
15-2 |
11-10 |
9-3 |
Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction
Ceiling Joists - Drywall Ceiling, No Sleeping Rooms, No Attic Storage 10 PSF Live, 5 PSF Dead Load
Spruce
Pine
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
12-2 |
11-10 |
10-10 |
19-1 |
18-8 |
15-10 |
25-2 |
24-7 |
20-1 |
32-1 |
31-4 |
24-6 |
16" |
11-0 |
10-9 |
9-5 |
17-4 |
16-11 |
13-9 |
22-10 |
22-4 |
17-5 |
29-2 |
28-1 |
21-3 |
24" |
9-8 |
9-5 |
7-8 |
15-2 |
14-9 |
11-2 |
19-11 |
18-9 |
14-2 |
25-5 |
22-11 |
17-4 |
Doug Fir
Larch
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
13-2 |
12-5 |
10-7 |
20-8 |
19-6 |
15-5 |
27-2 |
25-8 |
19-7 |
34-8 |
31-6 |
23-11 |
16" |
11-11 |
11-3 |
9-2 |
18-9 |
17-8 |
13-5 |
24-8 |
22-4 |
16-11 |
31-6 |
27-3 |
20-8 |
24" |
10-5 |
9-10 |
7-6 |
16-4 |
14-5 |
10-11 |
21-7 |
18-3 |
13-10 |
27-6 |
22-3 |
16-11 |
Hem
Fir
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
12-8 |
12-5 |
11-7 |
19-11 |
19-6 |
17-0 |
26-2 |
25-8 |
21-6 |
33-5 |
32-9 |
26-4 |
16" |
11-6 |
11-3 |
10-1 |
18-1 |
17-8 |
14-9 |
23-10 |
23-4 |
18-8 |
30-5 |
29-9 |
22-9 |
24" |
10-0 |
9-10 |
8-3 |
15-9 |
15-6 |
12-0 |
20-10 |
20-1 |
15-3 |
26-6 |
24-6 |
18-7 |
North
Species
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-11 |
10-11 |
9-1 |
17-2 |
17-0 |
13-3 |
22-8 |
21-6 |
16-10 |
28-11 |
26-4 |
20-6 |
16" |
9-11 |
9-11 |
7-10 |
15-7 |
14-9 |
11-6 |
20-7 |
18-8 |
14-7 |
26-3 |
22-9 |
17-9 |
24" |
8-8 |
8-3 |
6-5 |
13-8 |
12-0 |
9-5 |
18-0 |
15-3 |
11-11 |
22-11 |
18-7 |
14-6 |
Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction
Rafters - Any Slope, Drywall Finish, No Attic Space 20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load
Spruce
Pine
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
15-2 |
14-9 |
11-2 |
19-11 |
18-8 |
14-1 |
25-5 |
22-9 |
17-3 |
30-11 |
26-5 |
20-0 |
16" |
13-9 |
12-9 |
9-8 |
18-2 |
16-2 |
12-2 |
23-2 |
19-9 |
14-11 |
27-4 |
22-10 |
17-3 |
24" |
12-0 |
10-5 |
7-10 |
15-9 |
13-2 |
10-0 |
19-3 |
16-1 |
12-2 |
22-4 |
18-8 |
14-1 |
Doug Fir
Larch
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
16-4 |
14-4 |
10-10 |
21-7 |
18-1 |
13-9 |
27-6 |
22-1 |
16-9 |
32-2 |
25-8 |
19-5 |
16" |
14-11 |
12-5 |
9-5 |
19-7 |
15-8 |
11-11 |
24-0 |
19-2 |
14-6 |
27-11 |
22-2 |
16-10 |
24" |
12-8 |
10-1 |
7-8 |
16-1 |
12-10 |
9-9 |
19-8 |
15-8 |
11-10 |
22-9 |
18-2 |
13-9 |
Hem
Fir
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
15-9 |
15-6 |
11-11 |
20-10 |
19-11 |
15-1 |
26-6 |
24-4 |
18-6 |
32-2 |
28-3 |
21-5 |
16" |
14-4 |
13-8 |
10-4 |
18-11 |
17-3 |
13-1 |
24-0 |
21-1 |
16-0 |
27-11 |
24-5 |
18-6 |
24" |
12-6 |
11-2 |
8-5 |
16-1 |
14-1 |
10-8 |
19-8 |
17-3 |
13-1 |
22-9 |
20-0 |
15-2 |
North
Species
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
13-8 |
11-11 |
9-4 |
18-0 |
15-1 |
11-9 |
22-11 |
18-6 |
14-5 |
27-6 |
21-5 |
16-8 |
16" |
12-5 |
10-4 |
8-1 |
16-4 |
13-1 |
10-3 |
20-7 |
16-0 |
12-6 |
23-10 |
18-6 |
14-6 |
24" |
10-10 |
8-5 |
6-7 |
13-9 |
10-8 |
8-4 |
16-9 |
13-1 |
10-2 |
19-5 |
15-2 |
11-10 |
Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction
Rafters - Any Slope, Drywall Finish, No Attic Space 30 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load
Spruce
Pine
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
13-3 |
12-11 |
9-10 |
17-5 |
16-5 |
12-5 |
22-3 |
20-1 |
15-2 |
27-1 |
23-3 |
17-7 |
16" |
12-0 |
11-3 |
8-6 |
15-10 |
14-3 |
10-9 |
20-2 |
17-5 |
13-2 |
24-1 |
20-2 |
15-3 |
24" |
10-6 |
9-2 |
6-11 |
13-10 |
11-8 |
8-9 |
17-0 |
14-2 |
10-9 |
19-8 |
16-6 |
12-5 |
Doug Fir
Larch
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
14-4 |
12-7 |
9-7 |
18-10 |
16-0 |
12-1 |
24-1 |
19-6 |
14-10 |
28-5 |
22-7 |
17-2 |
16" |
13-0 |
10-11 |
8-3 |
17-2 |
13-10 |
10-6 |
21-2 |
16-11 |
12-10 |
24-7 |
19-7 |
14-10 |
24" |
11-2 |
8-11 |
6-9 |
14-2 |
11-3 |
8-7 |
17-4 |
13-9 |
10-6 |
20-1 |
16-0 |
12-2 |
Hem
Fir
North
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
13-9 |
13-6 |
10-6 |
18-2 |
17-7 |
13-4 |
23-2 |
21-6 |
16-3 |
28-2 |
24-11 |
18-11 |
16" |
12-6 |
12-0 |
9-1 |
16-6 |
15-3 |
11-7 |
21-1 |
18-7 |
14-1 |
24-7 |
21-7 |
16-4 |
24" |
10-11 |
9-10 |
7-5 |
14-2 |
12-5 |
9-5 |
17-4 |
15-2 |
11-6 |
20-1 |
17-7 |
13-4 |
North
Species
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
Sel.
Str. |
No. 1
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
11-11 |
10-6 |
8-3 |
15-9 |
13-4 |
10-5 |
20-1 |
16-3 |
12-8 |
24-3 |
18-11 |
14-9 |
16" |
10-10 |
9-1 |
7-1 |
14-3 |
11-7 |
9-0 |
18-1 |
14-1 |
11-0 |
21-0 |
16-4 |
12-9 |
24" |
9-6 |
7-5 |
5-10 |
12-1 |
9-5 |
7-4 |
14-10 |
11-6 |
9-0 |
17-2 |
13-4 |
10-5 |
Wood Species Used in Construction
Western Wood Species
Species Combination |
Abbreviations |
Species Included
In Combination |
Physical Characteristics |
Color Range |
Douglas Fir - Larch |
Doug Fir - L |
Douglas Fir
Western Larch |
-Clear of Knots
-Superior Strength
-High Hardness - Holds paint well
|
Reddish brown with pronounced grain |
Douglas Fir - South |
D - Fir - S |
Douglas Fir South
(AS,CO,NV,NM &UT)
|
Same as above |
Same as above |
Hem - Fir |
Hem - Fir |
Western Hemlock, Noble Fir. California Red Fir. Grand Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, White Fir |
-Strong, stiff
-Easy to work
-Straight grained
|
Yellow brown to white |
Spruce - Pine - Fir |
SPF |
Sitka Spruce, Englemann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Ponderosa Pine |
-High grade
-Tight knots
-smooth, straight grain
|
Yellowish white with occasional reddish orange streaks |
Western Woods |
West Woods |
Sugar Pine, Idaho White Pine, Mountain Hemlock, Alpine Fir |
-Straight grained
-Excellent Workability
-Holds paint well
|
Pale yellow to reddish brown |
Western cedars |
West CDR |
Incense Cedar, Western Red Cedar, Port Orford Cedar, Alaskan Cedar |
-Straight course grain
-Lightweight
-Brittle splits
-Resistant to decay
|
Rich earthy red |
Wood Species Used in Construction
Western Lumber Span Charts Intro
These span charts represent the most commonly available grades of western dimensional lumber. Spans are for use in the USA and for dry service conditions. For other grades and loading conditions and spacing refer to the Western Lumber Span Tables published by the Western Wood Products Associations. www.wwpa.org. Span charts courtesy of the Canadian Wood Council. |
Western Wood Species Used in Construction
Floor Joists - 30 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load, L360<
Spruce
Pine-Fir
South
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-9 |
10-5 |
8-11 |
14-2 |
13-9 |
11-4 |
18-0 |
17-6 |
13-10 |
21-11 |
21-4 |
16-1 |
16" |
9-9 |
9-6 |
7-9 |
12-10 |
12-6 |
9-10 |
16-5 |
15-11 |
12-0 |
19-8 |
18-6 |
13-11 |
24" |
8-6 |
8-3 |
6-4 |
11-3 |
10-8 |
8-0 |
13-10 |
13-0 |
9-9 |
16-1 |
15-1 |
11-4 |
Doug
Fir
Larch
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
12-3 |
12-0 |
11-10 |
16-2 |
15-10 |
15-7 |
20-8 |
20-3 |
19-10 |
25-1 |
24-8 |
23-0 |
16" |
11-2 |
10-11 |
10-9 |
14-8 |
14-5 |
14-1 |
18-9 |
18-5 |
17-2 |
22-10 |
21-4 |
19-11 |
24" |
9-9 |
9-7 |
9-1 |
12-10 |
12-4 |
11-6 |
16-1 |
15-0 |
14-1 |
18-8 |
17-5 |
16-3 |
Doug
Fir
South
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
11-0 |
10-9 |
9-6 |
14-6 |
14-2 |
12-0 |
18-6 |
18-0 |
14-8 |
22-6 |
21-11 |
17-0 |
16" |
10-0 |
9-9 |
8-2 |
13-2 |
12-10 |
10-5 |
16-10 |
16-5 |
12-8 |
20-3 |
19-4 |
14-8 |
24" |
8-9 |
8-6 |
6-8 |
11-6 |
11-2 |
8-6 |
14-3 |
13-8 |
10-4 |
16-6 |
15-10 |
12-0 |
West
Woods
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-5 |
10-1 |
8-5 |
13-9 |
13-4 |
10-8 |
17-1 |
17-0 |
13-0 |
19-10 |
19-10 |
15-1 |
16" |
9-6 |
9-2 |
7-3 |
12-2 |
12-1 |
9-3 |
14-10 |
14-10 |
11-3 |
17-2 |
17-2 |
13-1 |
24" |
7-10 |
7-10 |
5-11 |
9-11 |
9-11 |
7-6 |
12-1 |
12-1 |
9-2 |
14-0 |
14-0 |
10-8 |
Hem
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
11-7 |
11-7 |
11-0 |
15-3 |
15-3 |
14-8 |
19-5 |
19-5 |
18-6 |
23-7 |
23-7 |
22-6 |
16" |
10-6 |
10-6 |
10-0 |
13-10 |
13-10 |
13-2 |
17-8 |
17-8 |
16-10 |
21-6 |
20-9 |
19-8 |
24" |
9-2 |
9-2 |
8-9 |
12-1 |
12-0 |
11-4 |
15-5 |
14-8 |
13-10 |
17-10 |
17-0 |
16-1 |
Western Wood Species Used in Construction
Floor Joists - 40 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load, L360
Spruce
Pine
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
9-9 |
9-6 |
8-0 |
12-10 |
12-6 |
10-2 |
16-5 |
15-11 |
12-5 |
19-11 |
19-1 |
14-4 |
16" |
8-10 |
8-7 |
6-11 |
11-8 |
11-4 |
8-9 |
14-11 |
14-3 |
10-9 |
17-7 |
16-6 |
12-5 |
24" |
7-8 |
7-6 |
5-8 |
10-2 |
9-6 |
7-2 |
12-5 |
11-8 |
8-9 |
14-4 |
13-6 |
10-2 |
Doug
Fir
Larch
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
11-2 |
10-11 |
10-9 |
14-8 |
14-5 |
14-2 |
18-9 |
18-5 |
17-9 |
22-10 |
22-0 |
20-7 |
16" |
10-2 |
9-11 |
9-9 |
13-4 |
13-1 |
12-7 |
17-0 |
16-5 |
15-5 |
20-5 |
19-1 |
17-10 |
24" |
8-10 |
8-8 |
8-1 |
11-8 |
11-0 |
10-3 |
14-5 |
13-5 |
12-7 |
16-8 |
15-7 |
14-7 |
Doug
Fir
South
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
10-0 |
9-9 |
8-6 |
13-2 |
12-10 |
10-9 |
16-10 |
16-5 |
13-1 |
20-6 |
19-11 |
15-2 |
16" |
9-1 |
8-10 |
7-4 |
12-0 |
11-8 |
9-3 |
15-3 |
14-11 |
11-4 |
18-1 |
17-4 |
13-2 |
14-6 |
7-11 |
7-9 |
6-0 |
10-5 |
10-0 |
7-7 |
12-9 |
12-2 |
9-3 |
14-9 |
14-2 |
10-9 |
West
Woods
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
9-6 |
9-2 |
7-6 |
12-6 |
12-1 |
9-6 |
15-4 |
15-4 |
11-8 |
17-9 |
17-9 |
13-6 |
16" |
8-7 |
8-4 |
6-6 |
10-10 |
10-10 |
8-3 |
13-3 |
13-3 |
10-1 |
15-5 |
15-5 |
11-8 |
24" |
7-0 |
7-0 |
5-4 |
8-10 |
8-10 |
6-9 |
10-10 |
10-10 |
8-3 |
12-7 |
12-7 |
9-6 |
Hem
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
10-6 |
10-6 |
10-0 |
13-10 |
13-10 |
13-2 |
17-8 |
17-8 |
16-10 |
21-6 |
21-6 |
20-4 |
16" |
9-6 |
9-6 |
9-1 |
12-7 |
12-7 |
12-0 |
16-0 |
16-0 |
15-2 |
19-6 |
18-7 |
17-7 |
24" |
8-3 |
8-3 |
7-11 |
11-0 |
10-9 |
10-2 |
13-9 |
13-1 |
12-5 |
16-0 |
15-2 |
14-4 |
Western Wood Species Used in Construction
Ceiling Joists- Limited Attic Storage
20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load, L240
Spruce
Pine
Fir
South
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
14-1 |
13-8 |
10-4 |
18-6 |
17-5 |
13-1 |
22-7 |
21-3 |
16-0 |
26-3 |
24-8 |
18-6 |
16" |
12-8 |
11-11 |
8-11 |
16-0 |
15-1 |
11-4 |
19-7 |
18-5 |
13-10 |
22-8 |
21-4 |
16-1 |
24" |
10-4 |
9-8 |
7-4 |
13-1 |
12-4 |
9-3 |
16-0 |
15-0 |
11-4 |
18-6 |
17-5 |
13-1 |
Doug Fir
Larch
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
16-1 |
15-9 |
14-10 |
21-2 |
20-1 |
18-9 |
26-4 |
24-6 |
22-11 |
30-6 |
28-5 |
25-7 |
16" |
14-7 |
13-9 |
12-10 |
18-8 |
17-5 |
16-3 |
22-9 |
21-3 |
19-10 |
26-5 |
24-8 |
23-0 |
24" |
12-0 |
11-2 |
10-6 |
15-3 |
14-2 |
13-3 |
18-7 |
17-4 |
16-3 |
21-7 |
20-1 |
18-10 |
Doug Fir
South
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
14-5 |
14-1 |
10-11 |
19-0 |
18-3 |
13-10 |
23-3 |
22-3 |
16-11 |
27-0 |
25-10 |
19-7 |
16" |
13-0 |
12-6 |
9-6 |
16-6 |
15-9 |
12-0 |
20-2 |
19-3 |
14-8 |
23-4 |
22-4 |
17-0 |
24" |
10-8 |
10-2 |
7-9 |
13-6 |
12-11 |
9-9 |
16-5 |
15-9 |
11-11 |
19-1 |
18-3 |
13-10 |
West
Woods
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
No. 1 |
No. 2 |
No. 3 |
12" |
12-9 |
12-9 |
9-8 |
16-2 |
16-2 |
12-4 |
19-9 |
19-9 |
15-0 |
22-11 |
22-11 |
17-5 |
16" |
11-1 |
11-1 |
8-5 |
14-0 |
14-0 |
10-8 |
17-1 |
17-1 |
13-0 |
19-10 |
19-10 |
15-1 |
24" |
9-0 |
9-0 |
6-10 |
11-5 |
11-5 |
8-8 |
14-0 |
14-0 |
10-7 |
16-3 |
16-3 |
12-4 |
Hem
Fir
|
2x6
Grade
|
2x8
Grade
|
2x10
Grade
|
2x12
Grade
|
O.C. |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
No. 1
& BTR |
No. 1
|
No. 2 |
12" |
15-2 |
15-2 |
14-5 |
19-11 |
19-7 |
18-6 |
25-2 |
23-11 |
22-7 |
29-2 |
27-9 |
26-3 |
16" |
13-9 |
13-5 |
12-8 |
17-10 |
16-11 |
16-0 |
21-9 |
20-8 |
19-7 |
25-3 |
24-0 |
22-8 |
24" |
11-6 |
10-11 |
10-4 |
14-7 |
13-10 |
13-1 |
17-9 |
16-11 |
16-0 |
20-7 |
19-7 |
18-6 |
Pressure-Treated Lumber
Pressure-Treated Lumber Information
CA-C .06
|
treated wood is approved for exterior use above ground. |
CA-C .15
|
treated wood is approved for exterior use and can be touching or in the ground or fresh water. |
CA-C .31
|
is approved for use in permanent wood foundations. Wood Treated with ACZA can be special ordered and is rated for use in salt water applications by the AWPA.
|
Pressure-Treated Lumber
Changes in Pressure-Treated Lumber
According to tests designed and approved by the American Wood-Preservers' Association, the new treated lumber is more corrosive to fasteners than the old CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate) treated wood. The Manufacturers of ACQ® (Alkaline Copper Quat), CA (Copper Azole Type A and B) and SBX (Sodium Borate) and the treated wood industry are all recommending hot-dipped galvanized and stainless steel nails and screws with their treated wood products. Fasteners must meet the ASTM A-153 specification for hot-dipped galvanizing.
Pressure-Treated Lumber
Fastener Recommendations for Pressure-Treated Lumber
When selecting deck fasteners, framing nails, decking nails or screws, take note of the holding capacity and the resistance to corrosion. When quoting an outdoor construction project for a client, encourage them not to skimp on the fasteners. Using the wrong fasteners can compromise the appearance, longevity, and safety of their project.
Many fasteners traditionally used with treated lumber are no longer recommended for this application. Dacrotized, electroplated, brass and aluminum fasteners should not be used in treated lumber when the visible appearance of rust or the likelihood of corrosion is unacceptable.
Pressure-Treated Lumber
Acceptable Fasteners for Pressure-Treated Lumber
GOOD - Nonmetallic finish:
Includes but is not limited to triple coated screws first galvanized then covered with a ceramic or Teflon (or similar material) layer with top sealer coat.
BETTER - Hot-Dip Galvanized.
The requirements for use with treated wood should conform to the following ASTM Standards: ASTM 153 (for Hot-Dip fastener products) and ASTM-A 653 (Coating Designation G-185 for Hot-Dip connector and sheet products). NOTE: Hot Galvanized does not equal Hot Dip Galvanized.
BEST - Stainless Steel:
Stainless steel fasteners and connectors are required for Permanent Wood Foundations below grade and are recommended for use with treated wood in other severe exterior applications such as swimming pools, salt water exposure, etc. Type 304 and 316 are the recommended grades to use.
Manufacturer Recommended Fasteners and Hardware:
There may be additional products (other than stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized) that are suitable for use with ACQ treated wood. Please consult with the fastener or hardware manufacturer for use recommendations.
Structural Panels
Grade |
Description |
Uses |
Typical Thickness |
APA
A-C EXT
|
Double sanded face, extra smooth |
Cabinets, shelving, underlayment, porch ceilings, soffit. |
1/4",3/8", 1/2" 5/8", 3/4" |
APA
B-C EXT
|
Sanded panel with a solid core. |
Cabinets, shelving, underlayment. |
1/4",3/8", 1/2" 5/8", 3/4" |
APA Underlayment
C-C Plugged EXT
|
Touch-sanded. High impact resistance. |
Subfloor for areas to be carpeted. |
3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 19/32", 23/32", 3/4" |
APA B-B Plyform
Class 1 EXT
|
Oil treated. |
Concrete forms. |
5/8", 3/4" |
APA - Rated®
Sheathing EXP I
|
Span rated for general construction. |
Subflooring, wall and roof sheathing. |
3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 5/8", 23/32" |
APA - Rated® Structural 1
Sheathing EXP 1
|
Unsanded panel used where strength is important. |
Diaphragms, gussets plates, skin panels. |
3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 5/8", 23/32", 3/4" |
APA - Rated®
Sturdi-I-Flore® EXP1
|
High Impact resistance. Smooth surface on one side. |
Subfloors, square edge or tongue & groove. |
19/32",5/8", 23/32", 3/4", 1", 1-1/8" |
APA - Rated® Sturdi-I-Floor®
48" oc (2-4-1) EXP 1
|
Subfloor-underlay 32" & 48" spans. SE or T&G |
Subfloors and heavy timber roof construction. |
7/8", 1-1/8" |
Structural Panels
Performance-Rated Panels by Thickness and Span Rating
Grade |
Thickness |
Span |
Grade |
Thickness |
Span |
Rated
Sheathing |
3/8" |
24/0 |
Rated
Sturdi-Floor |
19/32", 5/8" |
20 oc |
7/16" |
24/16 |
23/32", 4/3" |
24 oc |
15/32", 1/2" |
32/16 |
7/8", 1" |
32 oc |
19/32", 5/8" |
40/20 |
1-1/8" |
48 oc |
23/32", 3/4" |
48/24 |
|
|
Rated Siding |
11/32" |
16 oc |
Rated Sidings
T-111
|
19/32" |
16 or 24 oc |
15/32" |
24 oc |
|
|
Structural Panels
Rating Guide
 |
1. |
Panel Grade |
5. |
Product Standard |
9. |
Siding Face Grade |
13. |
Panel Mark-Rating & End Use
Designation, Canadian Std. |
2. |
Span Rating |
6. |
Thickness |
10. |
Species Group Number |
|
3. |
Tongue & Groove |
7. |
Mill Number |
11. |
HUD/FHA Recognition |
14. |
Canadian Performance Rating |
4. |
Exposure Class |
8. |
Performance
Standard |
12. |
Panel Grade, Canadian Std. |
15. |
Panel Face Orientation |
Wood I Joist Installation to Wood
Sloped I-Joists:
Use hangers with sloped seals whenever the slope exceeds the following: 1/2:12 for seat bearing lengths of 2 1/2 inches or less; 3/8:12 for bearing lengths between 2 1/2 inches and 3 1/2 inches; and 1/4:12 for bearing length in excess of 3 1/2 inches.
Multiple I-Joists:
Fasten together multiple piles of wood I-joists, in accordance with the manufacturer's installation guidelines, such that the joists act as a single unit.
Rotation on I-Joists:
It may be necessary to install straps, blocking or sheathing to restrain torsional rotation of a supporting wood I-Joist when using top mount I-joist hangers.
Fasteners:
Install only the specific nails. The flanges of wood I-Joists may split if larger diameter nails or longer nails are installed. Do not install nails larger than 16 penny common (0.162 inch diameter) into the web stiffeners in the wood I-joist.
Backer Blocks:
Pattern the nails used to install backer blocks or web stiffeners in wood I-Joists to avoid splitting the block. The nail pattern should be sufficiently spaced and avoid the same grain line, particularly with solid sawn backer blocks. Backer blocks must be installed on the wood I-joists acting as the header, or supporting member. Install in accordance with the I-joist manufacturer's installation guidelines with the backer blocks seated against the bottom flange of the supporting header when using the face mount hangers, and against the top flange if using the top mount hangers. The nails installed to hangers mounted to an I-joist header must penetrate through the web and into the backer block on the opposite side.
Pneumatic Fastener Chart
Bostitch
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Stock N80, N70, N100s |
BS = Bostitch Stick |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Framing Coil N80C |
CW = Coil Wire |
2" - 3 1/4" |
Coil N55C, N65CP, N63CP |
BC = Bostitch Coil |
1 1/4" - 2 1/4" |
Roofing Nailer N12B-1, RN45 |
CR = Coil Roof |
1" - 1 3/4" |
Sheathing Stapler T36-50, T36-1, T50S4 |
SBS = Staple Bostitch Standard
|
1" - 2" |
Roofing Stapler T40S2-CT, T35-32, T35-8 |
SBW = Staple Bostitch Wide |
1" - 1 1/2" |
Floor Stapler MII |
SBF = Staple Bostitch Flooring |
2" |
Finish Nailer T36, N60FN |
BFT/BFN = Bostitch Finish Nail + T-Nail |
1 1/2" - 2 1/2" |
Brad Nailer BT35, BT50 |
FB = Finish Brad |
5/8" - 2" |
Finish Stapler SX Series |
SBN = Staple Bostitch Narrow |
3/8" - 1 3/16" |
Senco
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Nailer SN2, SN4, SN70, SN325 |
PCH = Paper Clip Head |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Framing Coil SCN60, SCN65 |
CW = Coil Wire |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Framing Nailer SN60 |
PS = Plastick Stick |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Roof Nailer SCN200R, SCN40R |
CR = Coil Roof |
1" - 1 3/4" |
Sheathing Stapler MI, MII |
SSI = Senco Staple Intermediate |
1" - 2" |
Roofing Stapler PW, MW |
SSW = Senco Staple Wide |
1" - 1 1/2" |
Finish Nailer SFN1, SFN40 |
SFN = Senco finish Nail |
1 1/2" - 2 1/2" |
Brad Nailer SLP20 |
FB = Finish Brad |
5/8" - 1 5/8" |
Finish Stapler SLS20 |
SSN = Staple Senco Narrow |
3/8" - 1 1/2" |
Paslode
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Nailer 5300-5350-SK312, F-350s, IM325 |
PCH = Paper Clip Head |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Finish Nailer 3250 F16, MU212-F16, Trimpulse |
PFN = Paslode Finish Nail |
1" - 2 1/2" |
Finish Stapler 3150-N18, 2125-N18 |
SPN = Staple Paslode Narrow |
1/2" - 1 1/2" |
Hitachi
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Stick NR-83A, NR90AC |
PS = Plastic Stick |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Framing Coil NV83A, NV65AC |
CW = Coil Wire |
2" - 3 1/4" |
Framing Stick NR83AA |
PCH = Paper Clip Head |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Coil Roofer NV-45 AB |
CR = Coil Roof |
1" - 1 3/4" |
Coil Siding NV50AA, VH650 |
HCP/HCPX = Hitachi Coil Plastic .099/.083 |
1 1/4" - 2 1/2" |
Sheathing Stapler 5008AA, AB |
SSI = Staple Intermediate |
1" 2" |
Finish Nailer NT65A, NT65A2 |
PFN = Paslode finish Nail |
1 1/4" - 2 1/2" |
Finish Nailer NT65AA |
SFN = Senco Finish Nail |
1 1/2" - 2 1/2" |
Brad Nailer NT45A, NT50AD, NT32AE, NT50AE |
FB = Finish Brad |
5/8" - 2" |
Porter Cable
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Stick FR350 |
PS = Plastic Stick |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Framing Stick FC350 |
PCH = Paper Clip Head |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Finish Nailer FN200, FN250, CFN250 |
PFN = Paslode Finish Nail |
3/4" - 2 1/2" |
Finish Nailer DA250, CDA250 |
SFN = Senco Finish Nail |
1 1/2" - 2 1/2" |
Brad Nailer BN125, BN200 |
FB = Finish Brad |
5/8" - 2" |
Makita
Tool |
Nail Type |
Size Range |
Framing Stock AB8300 |
PS = Plastic Stick |
2" - 3 1/2" |
Finish Nailer F631 |
BFN = Bostitch finish Nail |
1 1/2" - 2 1/2" |
Nail Use Guide
Product |
Pounds / Sq. |
Description |
 |
Vinyl Siding |
1/3 per sq. |
1 1/2-1 3/4 Alum. Nails |
Bevel Siding |
2 |
6 & 8d el. Galv. Box |
Board Siding |
2 |
8d el. Galv. Box |
Cedar Shakes |
2 |
6 & 8d el. Galv. Box |
Cedar Siding |
2 |
3 & 5d el. Galv. Box |
Felt 30# and 15# |
- |
3/4 Galv. Roof |
Framing Lumber |
3 per sq. |
Common |
Hardboard Siding |
2 |
Galv. Box or Flathead siding
Nail to allow 1" into stud |
Hardboard Underlay 1/4" |
1 |
1 1/4" Ringshank |
Plywood 5/8" |
1 |
1 7/8" Ringshank |
Pine & Fir Sheath |
2 |
6 & 8d Common |
Ply. 2-4 T&G |
2 1/2 |
10d Common |
Ply. 1/2 & 5/8 |
1 1/2 |
6 & 8d Common |
Roof Shingles |
1 - 1 1/2 |
3/4-2" Galv. Roof |
Roofing
Nailing Schedule For Roofing
Type of
Roofing |
Shingles Per
Square |
Length of
Nail |
Nails Per
Square |
Pounds Per Square (approximate) |
Labor Hours
Per Square |
12 Ga. by 7/16" Head |
11 Ga. By 7/16 " Head |
Roll Roofing on
New Deck
|
- |
1" |
252 |
.73 |
1.12 |
1 |
Roll Roofing
Over Old Roofing
|
- |
1 3/4" |
252 |
1.43 |
1.78 |
1 1/4 |
19" Selvage over
Old Shingles
|
- |
1 1/4" |
181 |
1.83 |
1.07 |
1 |
3 Tab Sq. Butt
On New Deck
|
80 |
1 1/4" |
336 |
1.22 |
1.44 |
1 1/2 |
3 Tab Sq. Butt
Re-roofing
|
80 |
1 3/4" |
504 |
2.38 |
3.01 |
1 3/8 |
Roofing
Shingles
|
Per Square - 10' x 10' |
Size |
|
Product |
Configuration |
Approximate
Shipping
Weight |
Shingles |
Bundles |
Width |
Length |
Exposure |
Underwriter
Laboratories
Listing |
Self-sealing random - tab strip shingle
Muti-thickness |
Various edge, surface texture and applications treatments |
240#
to
360# |
64
to
90 |
3,4
or 5 |
11 1/2" to
14" |
36"
to
40' |
4"
to
6" |
A or C
Many wind resistant |
Self-sealing random tab strip shingle

Single-thickness |
Various edge, surface texture and applications treatments |
240#
to
300# |
65
to
80 |
3 or 4 |
12"
to
13 1/4" |
36"
to
40" |
5"
to
5 5/8" |
A or C
Many wind resistant |
Self-sealing square tab strip shingle

Three-tab |
Two-tab or Four Tab |
215# to 325# |
65 to 80 |
3 or 4 |
12" to 13 1/4" |
36" to 40" |
5" to 5 5/8" |
A or C
All wind resistant |
Three-Tab |
215# to 300# |
65 to 80 |
3 or 4 |
12" to 13 1/4" |
36" to 40" |
5" to 5 5/8" |
|
Self-sealing square tab strip shingle

No-cutout |
Various edge, surface texture treatments |
215# to 290# |
65 to 81 |
3 or 4 |
12" to 13 1/4" |
36" to 40" |
5" to 5 5/8" |
A or C
All wind resistant |
Individual interlocking shingle
Basic design |
Several design variations |
180# to 250# |
72 to 120 |
3 or 4 |
18" to 22 1/4" |
20" to 22 1/2" |
- |
A or C
Many wind Resistant |
Roof Rafter Length
Determining Roof Rafter Length
Conversion Factors for Roof Rafters
Slope (IN 12) |
Slope Factor |
 |
3 |
1.031 |
4 |
1.054 |
5 |
1.083 |
6 |
1.118 |
7 |
1.158 |
8 |
1.202 |
9 |
1.25 |
10 |
1.302 |
11 |
1.357 |
12 |
1.474 |
13 |
1.514 |
14 |
1.537 |
15 |
1.601 |
16 |
1.667 |
17 |
1.734 |
18 |
1.803 |
19 |
1.873 |
20 |
1.944 |
To convert "Rafter Span" to Sloping Distance":
- Select slope factor for given slop in table.
- Multiply horizontal span by "Slope Factor".
Example:
If slope is 4 in 12 and rafter span is 12'-6", the sloping distance = 12.5 x 1.054 = 13.175' or 13'2".
(Note:the over-all rafter length depends on the length of the overhang.)
Roof Rafter Length
Cutting a Rafter Birdsmouth
1. Determine the rafter length using the table above: Ex: run = 20', slope = 4. Rafter Length =21' - 1" using the table above
2. Measure Ø (from Table 1) at top edge of rafter
3. Draw the building line.
4. Draw 2/3 width line from the top edge of rafter.
5. Use square to draw seat cut in from bottom edge of rafter to intersect building line.
Note: the birdsmouth notch should be limited to 1/3 the rafter width to maintain 2/3 of the rafter section.
Roofing
Calculating Guide for Roofing Sq. Footage
Siding
Estimating Siding
1. Determine the number of square feet of rectangular wall areas.
- Measure the length of the walls.
- Measure the height of the walls to the bottom of the gables.
- Multiply the L x W to determine the number of square feet.
2. Determine the number of square feet of gabled areas.
- Measure from the bottom of the gable to the top of the gable.
- Determine from chart A the total number of square feet for each gable area.
3. Add all areas together to determine total square footage required.
4. Determine the total area of all windows and doors and subtract the square footage.
5. Add 10% factor for waste.
|
Square Footage of Gables |
Height of Gable |
Wall Length |
3' |
4' |
5' |
7' |
9' |
4' |
6 ft2 |
8 ft2 |
10 ft2 |
14 ft2 |
18 ft2 |
8' |
12 ft2 |
16 ft2 |
20 ft2 |
28 ft2 |
36 ft2 |
12' |
18 ft2 |
24 ft2 |
30 ft2 |
42 ft2 |
54 ft2 |
16' |
24 ft2 |
32 ft2 |
40 ft2 |
56 ft2 |
72 ft2 |
20' |
30 ft2 |
40 ft2 |
50 ft2 |
70 ft2 |
90 ft2 |
24' |
36 ft2 |
48 ft2 |
60 ft2 |
84 ft2 |
108 ft2 |
28' |
42 ft2 |
56 ft2 |
70 ft2 |
98 ft2 |
126 ft2 |
32' |
48 ft2 |
64 ft2 |
80 ft2 |
112 ft2 |
144 ft2 |
36' |
54 ft2 |
72 ft2 |
90 ft2 |
126 ft2 |
162 ft2 |
40' |
60 ft2 |
80 ft2 |
100 ft2 |
140 ft2 |
180 ft2 |
Siding
Fiber Cement Siding
From chart below determine how many pieces of siding are required.
|
Square Feet To Be Covered |
Siding Size |
100 |
200 |
300 |
400 |
500 |
1,000 |
1,500 |
2,000 |
6 1/2" x 12' |
20 pcs. |
39 PCs |
58 PCs |
77 PCs |
96 PCs |
191 PCs |
286 PCs |
381 PCs |
7 1/2" x 12' |
16 PCs |
32 PCs |
48 PCs |
64 PCs |
80 PCs |
160 PCs |
240 PCs |
320 PCs |
8 1/4" x 12' |
15 PCs |
29 PCs |
43 PCs |
58 PCs |
72 PCs |
143 PCs |
215 PCs |
286 PCs |
9 1/2" x 12' |
13 PCs |
25 PCs |
37 PCs |
49 PCs |
61 PCs |
122 PCs |
182 PCs |
243 PCs |
12" x 12' |
10 PCs |
19 PCs |
28 PCs |
38 PCs |
47 PCs |
94 PCs |
140 PCs |
187 PCs |
Insulation
Fiberglass Insulation
Fiberglass combines high thermal efficiency and light weight. It is resilient, versatile, economical material excellent for use as a cavity insulation between wall, floor and ceiling framing members.
Kraft Faced
Standard Products
|
R-Value |
Thickness |
Dimensions
(Width x Length)
|
Sq. Ft. / Package |
Package Form |
PCs / Pkg. |
New Const. Attics |
R-38 |
12" |
16 x 48" |
32.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
|
|
12" |
24" x 48" |
48.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
2x10 Cathedral Ceilings |
R-30C |
8 1/4" |
15 1/2" x 48" |
50.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
10 |
New Const. Attics |
R-30 |
10" |
16" x 48" |
53.33 |
Batt-in-Bag |
10 |
|
|
10" |
24" x 48" |
80.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
10 |
2x6 Exterior Walls |
R-21 |
5 1/2" |
15" x 93" |
58.13 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors |
R-19 |
6 1/4" |
15" x 93" |
77.50 |
Batt-in-Bag |
8 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
23" x 93" |
118.83 |
Batt-in-Bag |
8 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
15" x 39' 2" |
48.96 |
Cont. Roll |
1 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
23" x 39' 2" |
75.07 |
Cont. Roll |
1 |
2x4 Exterior Walls |
R-15 |
3 1/2" |
15" x 93" |
58.13 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
2x4 Exterior Wall |
R-13 |
3 1/2" |
15" x 93" |
116.25 |
Batt-in-Bag |
12 |
|
|
3 1/2" |
15" x 32' |
40.00 |
Cont. Mini Roll |
1 |
2x4 Ext. & Int. Walls |
R-11 |
3 1/2" |
15" x 94" |
88.12 |
Precut Roll |
1 |
|
|
3 1/2" |
23" x 94" |
135.12 |
Precut Roll |
1 |
|
|
3 1/2" |
15" x 44' |
50.00 |
Cont. Mini Roll |
1 |
Foil Faced
Standard Products
|
R-Value |
Thickness |
Dimensions
(Width x Length)
|
Sq. Ft. / Package |
Package Form |
PCs / Pkg. |
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors |
R-19 |
6 1/4" |
16" x 96" |
85.33 |
Batt-in-Bag |
8 |
2x4 Walls |
R-11 |
3 1/2" |
16" x 96" |
170.67 |
Batt-in-Bag |
16 |
Unfaced
Standard Products
|
R-Value |
Thickness |
Dimensions
(Width x Length)
|
Sq. Ft. / Package |
Package Form |
PCs / Pkg. |
New Const. Attics |
R-38 |
12" |
16" x 48" |
32.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
|
|
12" |
24" x 48" |
48.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
6 |
New Const. Attics |
R-30 |
10" |
16" x 48" |
53.33 |
Batt-in-Bag |
10 |
|
|
10" |
24" x 48" |
80,00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
10 |
Adding to Attics |
R-25 |
8" |
16" x 96" |
64.00 |
Cont. Roll |
6 |
|
|
8" |
24" x 96" |
96.00 |
Cont. Roll |
6 |
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors |
R-19 |
6 1/4" |
16" x 96" |
85.33 |
Batt-in-Bag |
8 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
24" x 96" |
128.00 |
Batt-in-Bag |
8 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
15" x 39'2" |
48.96 |
Cont. Roll |
1 |
|
|
6 1/4" |
23" x 39'2" |
75.07 |
Cont. Roll |
1 |
2x4 Exterior Walls |
R-13 |
3 1/2" |
15" x 93" |
116.25 |
Batt-in-Bag |
12 |
2x4 Ext & Int. Walls |
R-11 |
3 1/2" |
15" x 94" |
88.12 |
Pre-cut Roll |
9 |
Insulation
Foam Board Sheathing
Energy-efficient foamboard sheathing panels are designed as an alternative to conventional plywood and softboard sheathing systems. The higher the R-Value, the greater the insulating power.
|
Approximate R-Factor
(R-Value)
|
Tongue & Groove |
Density
(Lbs. Per Ft.3) |
Panel Sizes |
R-3 |
Polystyrene 3/4" molded |
Yes |
1.0 to 1.5 |
2x8, 13 1/2x4, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 |
R-4 |
Polystyrene 1" molded |
Yes |
1.0 to 1.5 |
2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 |
R-4 |
Extruded Polystyrene |
Yes |
2.1 |
2x8, 4x8, 4x9 |
R-3.6 |
Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1/2" with foil |
No |
2.0 |
2x8, 4x8, 4x9 |
R-5 |
Isocyanurates 1" extruded |
Yes |
2.1 |
2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x12 |
R-5 |
Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 5/8" |
No |
2.0 |
4x8, 4x9, 4x12 |
R-5.6 |
Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 3/4" with foil |
No |
2.0 |
4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 |
R-7 |
Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 7/8" with foil |
No |
2.0 |
4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 |
R-7.2 |
Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1" with foil |
No |
2.0 |
4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12 |
Caulks & Sealants
|
Siliconized
Acrylic |
Silicone |
Butyl
Rubber |
Poly
sulfide |
Polyur
ethane |
Latex |
Silicone
Latex |
Acrylic
Latex |
Flexibility |
± 10% to 20% |
± 25% to 50% |
± 10% |
± 25% |
± 25% |
± 5% |
± 25% |
± 10% to 20% |
Adhesion |
Good |
Excellent |
Good |
Good, designed for Immersion. |
Excellent |
Fair |
Excellent |
Good to porous surfaces, poor to nonpourous ones. |
Paintability |
Excellent |
Poor |
Poor |
Good |
Good |
Good |
Good |
Excellent |
Years Service |
Indoors, 20; outdoors, 10 to 15 in low-stress situations. |
Minimum 20 |
10 |
15 if protected from sun. |
15 if painted or protected from sun. |
5 to 10 |
15 |
Indoors, 20; outdoors, 10 to 15 |
Clean Up |
Water |
Solvent |
Solvent |
Solvent |
Solvent |
Water |
Water |
Water |
Shrinkage |
20% |
< 2% |
1% to 20% |
< 5% |
< 5% |
10% to 20% |
10% |
Clear, 20%; Pigmented, 10% |
UV Resistance |
Good |
Excellent |
Good |
Poor |
Low, better if painted, White lasts longest in sun. |
Fair |
Excellent |
Good |
Best Use |
Interior, paintable surfaces. |
Outdoors, bathrooms, kitchens |
Gutter Joints and metal-to-masonry joints. |
Outdoors, where there is moderate movement. |
Joints subject to abrasion. |
Low-movement interior joints. |
General purpose, indoors/out. |
Patching interior cracks, joints and small holes |
Ventilation
Proper ventilation is required to prevent the buildup of damaging moisture that is generated from normal household activities such as laundry, showers, dishwashing and cooking. Ventilation is also necessary to reduce attic temperatures to prevent premature roof aging and to improve energy efficiency.
- As a general rule, one square foot of net free vent area (NFVA) per 300 square feet is recommended.
- For a balanced system, ventilation should be equal at the undereave and ridge.
- If proper distribution of undereave and ridge vents cannot be achieved, one square foot of NFVA should be provided for each 150 sq. ft. of area to be vented.
- Requirements may vary by locality. Check your local building codes.
Sq. Footage of Attic |
*Sq. Inches NFVA at Peak |
*Min. Ft. of Ridge Vent |
*Min. Ft. of Roll Vent |
*Sq. inches of NFVA at Soffit |
1,000 |
240 |
13 |
14 |
288 |
1,100 |
264 |
14 |
16 |
317 |
1,200 |
288 |
14.5 |
17 |
346 |
1,300 |
312 |
17 |
18 |
375 |
1,400 |
336 |
18 |
20 |
403 |
1,500 |
360 |
19.5 |
21.5 |
432 |
1,600 |
384 |
21 |
23 |
460 |
1,700 |
408 |
22 |
24 |
490 |
1,800 |
432 |
23.5 |
26 |
518 |
1,900 |
456 |
25 |
27 |
547 |
2,000 |
480 |
26 |
28 |
576 |
2,100 |
504 |
27 |
30 |
604 |
2,200 |
528 |
28.5 |
31 |
633 |
2,300 |
552 |
30 |
33 |
662 |
2,400 |
576 |
31 |
34 |
691 |
* Double the above ratio for 1:150. Minimum based on HUD requirement MPS 403-3
Compounds and Textures
Joint Systems
Product |
Package Size |
Coverage |
Bedding Compound
Adheres tape to joints. First coat coverage for nails and corner bead.
|
25 lb. bags |
15-20 lbs.
Per 1000 sq. ft. |
Topping
For second and third coats over Bedding Compound. Used only for finishing applications.
|
25 lb. bags |
40-45 lbs.
Per 1000 sq. ft
|
Multipurpose
Vinyl/polymer binder multipurpose joint product. Used for taping, finishing and texturing.
|
25 lb. bags |
60 lbs.
Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints
15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
|
All Purpose
Used for bedding tape, finishing joints, filling corner bead, spotting, texturing
|
25 lb. bags |
60 lbs.
Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints
15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
|
Setting Type Compound
All bedding and topcoats. Allows complete taping and finishing in one day Recommended for cold weather and slow drying conditions
|
25 lb. bags |
60 lbs.
Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints
15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
|
Easy Sanding Setting Tape
Same us as setting type compound. Applies and sands easier, shrinks less.
|
22 lb. bags |
15-20 lbs Per 1000 sq. ft. |
Ready Mix All Purpose
Ready to use for taping and finishing
|
12 lb. pails, 30 lb. pails
61.7 lb pails, 48 lb. cartons |
60 lbs. Per 700 sq. ft. |
Ready Mix Topping
Premixed. Finish applications only.
|
61.7 lb. pails
48 lb. cartons |
40 lbs per 700 sq. ft. |
Lightweight Joint Compound
Premixed, ready to use for taping
|
4.5 Gallons (43 lbs.)
Cartons and pails
|
4.5 gallons Per 700 sq. ft. |
Tape
2" wide paper tape with spark perforations and skived edges, Reinforces wallboard joints
|
60 ft. rolls
250 ft. rolls
500 ft. rolls
|
400' per 1000 sq. ft. of gypsum board |
Fiberglass Mesh Tape
2" wide, for use in reinforcing glass mat where silicone-greated tile backer is used.
|
150 ft. rolls |
400' per 1000 sq. ft. of gypsum board |
Compounds and Textures
Textures
Product |
Package Size |
Coverage |
Wall Texture
Decorative finish with either hand tool or spray applications
|
25 lb. bags |
Up to 1000 sq. ft. per 25 lbs. for splatter applications; approximately 200 sq. ft. per 25 lbs. for other applications |
Ceiling Textures / Vermiculite
For spray application only as a decorative finish for wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for high-moisture areas such as bathrooms.
|
40 lb bags |
Varies from 300 to 400 sq. ft. per bag. |
Ceiling Textures/Polystyrene
For spray application only. Designed for volume applications on wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for High-moisture areas.
|
32 lb. bags |
250 sq/ ft. per bag. |
Premixed Ceiling Textures
Designed for roll-on application to interior ceilings. Provides a hard, white, textured surface.
|
2 gallon pails |
60 to 120 sq. ft. per 2 gallon pail. |
Gypsum Wall board Estimator
Room Size |
Panels |
Ready Mix
Gal. |
Joint Tape
Ft. |
Wallboard
Screws Ea. |
4' x 8' |
4' x 12" |
8' x 8' |
8 |
6 |
3 |
128 |
320 |
8' x 10' |
9 |
6 |
3 |
136 |
360 |
8' x 12' |
10 |
7 |
4 |
144 |
400 |
8' x 14' |
11 |
8 |
4 |
152 |
440 |
8' x 16' |
12 |
8 |
5 |
160 |
480 |
9' x 9' |
9 |
6 |
3 |
128 |
360 |
9' x 10' |
10 |
7 |
4 |
132 |
380 |
9' x 12' |
11 |
7 |
4 |
140 |
420 |
9' x 14' |
12 |
8 |
5 |
156 |
460 |
9' x 16' |
13 |
9 |
5 |
164 |
500 |
10' x 10' |
10 |
7 |
4 |
144 |
400 |
10' x 12' |
11 |
8 |
4 |
152 |
440 |
10' x 14' |
12 |
8 |
5 |
160 |
480 |
10' x 16' |
13 |
9 |
5 |
168 |
520 |
11' x 11' |
11 |
8 |
4 |
148 |
440 |
11' x 12' |
12 |
8 |
4 |
156 |
460 |
11' x 14' |
13 |
9 |
5 |
164 |
500 |
11' x 16' |
14 |
9 |
5 |
172 |
540 |
12' x 12' |
12 |
8 |
4 |
160 |
480 |
12' x 14' |
13 |
9 |
5 |
168 |
520 |
12' x 15' |
14 |
9 |
5 |
172 |
540 |
12' x 16' |
14 |
10 |
5 |
176 |
560 |
13' x 13' |
13 |
9 |
5 |
168 |
520 |
13' x 14' |
14 |
9 |
5 |
172 |
540 |
13' x 15' |
14 |
10 |
5 |
176 |
560 |
13' x 16' |
15 |
10 |
5 |
180 |
580 |
14' x 14' |
14 |
10 |
5 |
176 |
560 |
14' x 15' |
15 |
10 |
5 |
180 |
580 |
14' x 16' |
15 |
10 |
5 |
184 |
600 |
15' x 15' |
15 |
10 |
5 |
184 |
600 |
15' x 16' |
16 |
11 |
5 |
188 |
620 |
16' x 16' |
16 |
11 |
6 |
192 |
640 |
Concrete
Redi-Mix Concrete Post Hole
Number of 60 Lb. and 80 Lb. bags of redi-mix concrete to set posts and poles |
Depth of
Hole |
Diameter of Hole |
6" Hole |
8" Hole |
10" Hole |
12" Hole |
|
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
12" |
1/2 |
1/3 |
3/4 |
2/3 |
1 1/4 |
1 |
1 3/4 |
1 1/3 |
18" |
2/3 |
1/2 |
1 1/4 |
1 |
2 |
1 1/2 |
2 2/3 |
2 |
24" |
1 |
2/3 |
1 1/2 |
1 1/4 |
2 1/2 |
2 |
3 1/2 |
2 2/3 |
30" |
1 1/4 |
1 |
2 |
1 1/2 |
3 |
2 1/2 |
4 1/2 |
3 1/3 |
36" |
1 1/2 |
1 |
2 1/3 |
1 3/4 |
3 2/3 |
3 |
5 1/4 |
4 |
42" |
1 2/3 |
1 1/4 |
2 3/4 |
2 |
4 1/4 |
3 1/4 |
6 1/4 |
4 2/3 |
Concrete
Redi-Mix Concrete Slab
Number of 60 Lb. and 80 Lb. bags of redi-mix concrete required to pour a concrete slab.
Slab
Thickness |
Diameter of Hole |
1' |
2' |
3' |
5' |
10' |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
4" |
1 |
1/2 |
1 1/2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
3 |
8 |
6 |
6" |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 1/2 |
3 |
6 |
4 |
12 |
9 |
Slab
Thickness |
Diameter of Hole Continued |
15' |
20' |
30' |
40' |
50' |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
60 Lb. |
80 Lb. |
4" |
12 |
9 |
15 |
12 |
23 |
17 |
30 |
23 |
38 |
28 |
6" |
17 |
13 |
23 |
17 |
34 |
25 |
45 |
34 |
56 |
42 |
Mortar Mix
Amount |
Blocks |
Bricks |
One 60 pound bag |
20 |
48 |
One 80 pound bag |
27 |
65 |
Sand Mix
Amount |
Yield |
One 60 pound bag |
6 square feet x 1" deep |
One 80 pound bag |
8 square feet x 1" deep |
Concrete
Mortar Mixes for Concrete Block Work*
Application |
Cement |
Hydrated Lime |
Mortar Sand
(measured in damp, loose condition)
|
Routine Projects |
1 part of masonry cement
or
|
None |
2.3 |
1 part of Portland cement
|
1- 1/4 |
4-6 |
Project subject to extremely heavy loads, severe frost action, earthquakes, violent winds; also for isolated piers |
1 part of masonry cement and 1 part of Portland cement
or
|
None |
4-6 |
1 part of Portland cement
|
0- 1/4 |
2-3 |
*All proportions measured by volume
Concrete
How To Estimate Materials For 100 Square Feet of Concrete Of Various Thickness
Thicknesses
of
concrete
in
inches |
Amount
of
concrete
cubic
yards |
Proportions |
1:1 3/4: 2 mix
Aggregate
|
1:2 1/4: 3 mix
Aggregate
|
1:2 3/4: 4 mix
Aggregate
|
Cement |
Fine |
Coarse |
Cement |
Fine |
Coarse |
Cement |
Fine |
Coarse |
bags |
cu. ft. |
cu. ft. |
bags |
cu. ft. |
cu. ft. |
bags |
cu. ft. |
cu. ft. |
3 |
0.92 |
7.5 |
12.9 |
14.7 |
5.8 |
12.9 |
17.5 |
4.6 |
12.9 |
18.4 |
4 |
1.24 |
10.0 |
17.3 |
19.9 |
7.8 |
17.3 |
23.6 |
6.2 |
17.3 |
24.8 |
5 |
1.56 |
12.5 |
21.6 |
25.0 |
9.8 |
21.7 |
29.6 |
7.8 |
21.8 |
31.2 |
6 |
1.85 |
15.0 |
25.8 |
29.4 |
11.5 |
26.0 |
35.2 |
9.3 |
26.0 |
37.0 |
8 |
2.46 |
20.0 |
34.6 |
39.8 |
15.4 |
34.4 |
46.8 |
12.3 |
34.4 |
49.3 |
10 |
3.08 |
25.0 |
43.8 |
50.0 |
19.3 |
43.2 |
58.5 |
15.4 |
43.2 |
61.6 |
12 |
3.70 |
30.0 |
51.6 |
58.8 |
23.1 |
51.8 |
70.4 |
18.5 |
51.8 |
74.0 |
Stairs
Stair Planning
General Rules
- The total of one riser and one tread should not be less than 16" or more than 18".
- Unit rise should be 7" to 8".
- Unit run should be 9" to 11".
Calculating the Number and Height of Risers
- In inches, determine the total rise from the finished floor of the lower level to the top of the finished floor of the top of the finished floor of the upper level.
- Divide the total rise of the stair by 7".
- Round back to the nearest whole number of riser. For example, if you get 13 and 3/4 risers, you would round back to 13 risers.
- Determine the height of the riser by dividing the total rise by the number of risers required.
Calculating the Number and Length of Treads
- In inches, determine the total run from a point at the head of the stair to the outside edge of the last riser.
- Divide the total run of the stair by nine to get the number of treads, round back to the nearest whole number
Baluster Rail Height
- The distance from the top of the baluster rail to the top of the tread, at the middle, should be no less than 32" and no more than 36".
- Determine the length of the tread by dividing the total run by the number of treads.
Stairs
Common Stair Calculations
Floor to Floor |
Risers |
Height of Riser |
Tread Width |
Total run |
Head Room |
Well Opening |
8' 0" |
12 |
8" |
9" |
8' 3" |
6' 8" |
8' 1" |
13 |
7 3/8" + |
9 1/2" |
9' 6" |
6' 8" |
9' 2 1/2" |
13 |
7 3/8" |
10" |
10' 0" |
6' 8" |
9' 8 1/2" |
8' 6" |
13 |
7 7/8" - |
9" |
9' 0" |
6' 8" |
8' 3" |
14 |
7 5/16" - |
9 1/2" |
10' 3 1/2" |
6' 8" |
9' 4" |
14 |
7 5/16" - |
10" |
10' 10" |
6' 8" |
9' 10" |
9' 0" |
14 |
7 11/16" + |
9" |
9' 9" |
6' 8" |
8' 5" |
15 |
7 5/16" + |
9 1/2" |
11' 1" |
6' 8" |
9' 6 1/2" |
15 |
7 5/16" + |
10" |
10' 6" |
6' 8" |
9' 11 1/2" |
Hardwood Flooring
Conversion Formulas
2 1/4" Width |
3 1/4" Width |
Board Feet to Square Feet
Board Feet x .75 = Square Feet
Examples: 936 BF x .75 = 702 SF
|
Board Feet to Square Feet
Board Feet x .8125 = Square Feet
Examples: 936 BF x .8125 = 760.5 SF
|
Square Feet to Board Feet
Square Feet x 1.33 = Board Feet
Examples: 702 SF x 1.333 = 936 BF
|
Square Feet to Board Feet
Square Feet x 1.231 = Board Feet
Examples: 760.5 SF x 1.231 = 936 BF
|
Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price
BF Price x 1.333 = SF Price
Examples: $1350/M x 1.333 = $1.80/SF
|
Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price
BF Price x 1.231 = SF Price
Examples: $1900/M
x 1.231 = $2.34/SF |
Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price
SF Price x .75 = BF Price
Examples: $1.80/SF x .75 = $1350/m BF
|
Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price
SF Price x .8125 = BF Price
Examples: $2.34/SF x .8125 = $1901/M BF
|
Note: Always round up
Add +5% for Cutting Waste
|
Note: Always round up
Add +5% for Cutting Waste |
Hardwood Flooring
Nailing Schedule
NOFMA Hardware Flooring Must be installed over a proper subfloor. T&G must be blind nailed on the tongue edge along the length of the strip/plank and near the ends (1"-3") with face nailing required on starting runs (1-2) and finishing runs (2-4), Sq. edge must be face nailed. Inadequate nailing contributes to cracks and noisy floors by allowing movement of the floor.
Strip T&G
|
Nail Size |
Blind Nail Spacing |
3/4"x 1 1/2", 2 1/4", 3 1/4" T&G
Must install over proper sub-floor
|
2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail, 2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2" crowns |
10-12" part, 8-10" preferred. |
1/2"x 1 1/2" & 2"
Must install over proper sub-floor |
1 1/2" barbed flooring cleat, 5d screw, cut steel or wire casing nail. |
10" apart. |
3/8" x 1 1/2" & 2"
Must install over proper sub-floor
|
1 1/4" barbed flooring cleat, 4d bright wire casing nail. |
8" apart. |
Square Edge-Flooring
|
Nail Size |
Face Nail Spacing |
5/16" x 1 1/2" & 2"
Must install over proper sub-floor.
|
1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad. |
2 nails every 7" |
5/16" x 1 1/3"
Must install over proper sub-floor.
|
1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad. |
1 nail every 5" on alternate sides of strip |
Plank
|
Nail Size |
Nail Spacing |
3/4" x 4" to 8" T&G
Widths 4" + must install over proper sub-floor
|
2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail or 2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2" crowns. |
Blind nail 8" apart. May require face nailing for additional fastening. Follow manufacturer's instructions. |
Electrical Wire
Wire Sizes & Amp Ratings |
Copper AWG |
NM & UF 30° C (86° F) |
THHN, Use-2, XHHW-2 &
SEU 90° C Copper |
14-Gauge |
15 amps |
15 amps |
12-Gauge |
20 amps |
20 amps |
10-Gauge |
30 amps |
30 amps |
8-Gauge |
40 amps |
55 amps |
6-Gauge |
55 amps |
75 amps |
4-Gauge |
70 amps |
95 amps |
2-Gauge |
95 amps |
130 amps |
1/0 |
- |
170 amps |
2/0 |
- |
195 amps |
3/0 |
- |
225 amps |
4/0 |
- |
260 amps |
Warning: All wire must be protected according to amp rating, installation of electrical wire can be hazardous. The above applications are general applications. Consult a professional engineer for special conditions. Always consult the National Electrical code and your local building/electrical Inspector.
Standard Finishes
U. S. Standard Finishes |
Description of Finish |
BHMA |
1b |
Bright Black |
601 |
2G |
Plain Zinc Plate |
603 |
3 |
Bright Brass |
605 |
4 |
Satin Brass |
606 |
5 |
Satin Brass, Oxidized |
609 |
7 |
Bright Brass, Nickel Oxidized & Highlighted |
610 |
9 |
Bright Bronze |
611 |
9A |
Bright Bronze, No Lacquer |
N/A |
10 |
Satin Bronze |
612 |
10A |
Antique Bronze, Lacquered |
641 |
10B |
Antique Bronze, Oiled |
613 |
14 |
Bright Nickel |
618 |
14A |
Bright Nickel, Oxidized & Highlighted |
N/A |
14B |
Black Nickel, Bright |
N/A |
15 |
Satin Nickel |
619 |
15A |
Satin Nickel, Nickel Oxidized & Highlighted |
620 |
17A |
Black Nickel, Dull |
621 |
20 |
Statuary Bronze, Light |
623 |
20A |
Statuary Bronze, Dark |
624 |
26 |
Bright Chromium Plated |
625 |
26D |
Satin Chromium Plated |
626 |
32 |
Stainless Steel Metal, Bright |
629 |
32D |
Stainless Steel Metal, Satin |
630 |
USP |
Prime Coat |
600 |
|
+
-
|
Canadian Wood Species |
+
-
|
Pressure-Treated Lumber |
+
-
|
Compounds and Textures |
|