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Dimension Lumber

Grade and Uses

Nominal Size (in)	Grade	Common grade mix 1	Principal uses
2 to 4" thick 2" and wider	Select Structural No. 1 No. 2	No. 2 & Better (No. 2 & Btr.)	Used in most construction. High strength, stiffness, good appearance. Preferred for trusses, rafters and joists.
	No. 3	--------------	Used when high strength and appearance are not important.
2 to 4" thick 2 to 4" wide	Construction (Std. & Btr.)	Standard & Better (Std. & Btr.)	Common mix used in general framing. Have less strength and shorter spans than No. 2 & Btr. Structural light framing.
2 to 4" wide	Utility 2	---------------	Used most where high strength is not important - studs and plates in partitions walls blocking, braces
	Economy 2	---------------	Temporary or low cost where strength and appearance is not important
2 to 6" wide	Stud	---------------	Most common grade use for studs
	Economy Stud 2 (design values not assigned)	---------------	Used most economically where high strength is not important.

1. For ease in grade sorting, the higher grades are combined and sold as a grade mix. Pieces in the grade mix are still individually grades stamped.

2. Except for the economy grades, all grades are stress graded.

For additional information on wood species use in construction, visit the Canadian Wood Council web site www.cwc.ca, the Southern Pine Marketing Council www.southerpine.com or the Western Wood Products Association www.wwpa.org.

Dimension Lumber

Grade Stamp

Lumber is stamped with a grademark to show its grade. The American Lumber Standard Board of Review set the standards and qualifies grading agencies. Each grade stamp shows the name or symbol of the agency, the number of the mill, the species group, the grade and the classification S-DRY of S-GRN. S-DRY indicates that the lumber has a moisture content of 19% or less after being kiln dried. S-GRN has a moisture content greater than 19%. The following is a facsimile of a grade Stamp.

Board Footage Chart

Board Feet Per Piece

Board Feet Per Piece
	1x2	1x3	1x4	1x5	1x6		1x8		1x10	1x12	1x14
				5/4x4					5/4x8			54x12	4x4
					6/4x4			6/4x6		6/4x8		6/4x10
Length			2x2				2x2			2x6			2x8
8'	1.3	2	2.6	3.3	4	5	5.3	6	6.6	8	9.3	10	10.6
10'	1.6	2.5	3.3	4.1	5	6.2	6.6	7.5	8.3	10	11.6	12.5	13.3
12'	2	3	4	5	6	7.5	8	9	10	12	14	15	16
14'	2.3	3.5	4.6	5.8	7	8.7	9.3	10.5	11.6	14	16.3	17.5	18.6
16'	2.6	4	5.3	6.6	8	10	10.6	12	13.3	16	18.6	20	21.3
18'	3	4.5	6	7.5	9	11.2	12	13.5	15	18	21	22.5	24
20'	3.3	5	6.6	8.3	10	12.5	13.3	15	16.6	20	23.3	25	26.6
22'	3.6	5.5	7.3	9.1	11	13.7	14.6	16.5	18.3	22	25.6	27.5	29.3
24'	4	6	8	10	12	15	16	18	20	24	28	30	32

 

Board Feet Per Piece Continued
	6/4x12					6x6		6x8
			4x6		4x8		4x10	4x12	6x10			6x12
	3x6		3x8	3x10		3x12				8x8		8x10	8x12
Length		2x10	2x12
8'	12	13.3	16	20	21.3	24	26.6	32	40	42.6	48	53.3	64
10'	15	16.6	20	25	26.6	30	33.3	40	50	53.3	60	66.6	80
12'	18	20	24	30	32	36	40	48	60	64	72	80	96
14'	21	23.3	28	35	37.3	42	46.6	56	70	74.6	84	93.3	112
16'	24	26.6	32	40	42.6	48	53.3	64	80	85.3	96	106.6	128
18'	27	30	36	45	48	54	60	72	90	96	108	120	144
20'	30	33.3	40	50	53.3	60	66.6	80	100	106.6	120	133.3	160
22'	33	36.6	44	55	58.6	66	73.3	88	110	117.3	132	146.6	176
24'	36	40	48	60	64	72	80	96	120	128	144	160	192

Board Footage Chart

Board Feet Conversions

The basic unit of measure of lumber cut from a log is the board foot. A board foot contains 144 cubic inches of volume. It is generally easiest to compare any piece of lumber to a board foot of lumber measuring one (1) inch thick, twelve (12) inches wide and one (1) foot long. Lumber under one (1) inch thick is generally considered the same as one (1) inch thick for estimating purposes.
To calculate the BOARD FEET in a given piece or amount of lumber, use the formula:	T" x W" x L' ÷ 12 = Bd. Ft.
To convert board feet to linear feet:	12 ÷ T" x W" x Bd. ft. = Linear ft.

Wood Species Used in Construction

Canadian Species

Species Combination	Abbreviations	Species Included In Combination	Physical Characteristics	Color Range
Spruce - Pine - Fir	S - P - F	Spruce (all Species except Coastal Sitka), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir, Alpine Fir	-Lightweight -Works easily -Takes paint well -Holds paint well -Small knots	White to pale yellow
Douglas Fir - Larch	D - Fir - L (N)	Douglas Fir Western Larch	-High degree of harness -Good resistance to decay	Reddish brow to yellowish brown
Hem - Fir - (North)	Hem - Fir (N)	Pacific - Hemlock Amablis Fir	-Works easily -Takes paint well -Holds nails well	Yellow brown to white
Northern Species	North Species	Western Red Cedar	-Exceptional resistance to decay -High appearance qualities -Works easily -Takes fine finishes
Northern Species	North Species	Red Pine	-Works easily	Reddish to pale brown heartwood
		Ponderosa Pine	-Takes finish well -Works easily - finishes well -Little splitting or splintering	Pale yellow sapwood
		Western White Pine Eastern White Pine	-Softest of Canadian Pine -Works Easily -Finish Easily -Little splitting -Holds nails well -Takes stains, paint well	Almost white sapwood, creamy white to light straw brown heartwood
		Trembling Aspen Largetooth Aspen Balsam Poplar	-Works easily -Takes finish well -Holds nails well	Almost white to grayish white
		Any other Canadian species graded in accordance with the NLGA rules

Wood Species Used in Construction

Canadian Lumber Span Charts

These span charts represent the most commonly available grades of Canadian Dimensional Lumber. Spans are for use in the USA and for dry service conditions. For other grades and loading conditions and spacing refer to the Canadian Dimension Lumber Data Book published by the Canadian Wood Council. www.cwa.ca Span charts courtesy of the Canadian Wood Council.

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	11-7	11-3	9-8	15-3	14-11	12-4	19-5	19-0	15-0	23-7	23-0	17.5
16"	10-6	10-3	8-5	13-10	13-16	10-8	17-8	17-2	13-0	21-6	19-11	15-1
24"	9-2	8-11	6-10	12-1	11-6	8-8	15-5	14-1	10-7	18-9	16-3	12-4

Doug Fir Larch North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	12-6	11-10	9-6	16-6	15-7	12-0	21-0	19-3	14-8	25-7	22-4	17-0
16"	11-4	10-9	8-2	15-0	13-8	10-5	19-1	16-8	12-8	23-3	19-4	14-8
24"	9-11	8-10	6-8	13-1	11-2	8-6	16-8	13-8	10-4	19-10	15-10	12-0

Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction

Floor Joists - Sleeping Rooms and Attics
30 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load

Hem-Fir North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	12-0	11-10	10-5	15-10	15-7	13-2	20-3	19-10	16-1	24-8	24-2	18-8
16"	10-11	10-9	9-0	14-5	14-2	11-5	18-5	18-0	13-11	22-5	21-4	16-2
24"	9-7	9-4	7-4	12-7	12-4	9-4	16-1	15-0	11-5	19-7	17-5	13-2

North Species	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-5	10-5	8-1	13-9	13-2	10-3	17-6	16-1	12-7	21-4	18-8	14-3
16"	9-6	9-0	7-0	12-6	11-5	8-11	15-11	13-11	10-11	19-4	16-2	12-7
24"	8-3	7-4	5-9	10-11	9-4	7-3	13-11	11-5	8-11	16-11	13-2	10-4

Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction

Floor Joists - Sleeping Rooms and Attics
40 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-6	10-3	8-8	13-10	13-6	11-0	17-8	17-3	13-5	21-6	20-7	15-7
16"	9-6	9-4	7-6	12-7	12-3	9-6	16-0	15-5	11-8	19-6	17-10	13-6
24"	8-4	8-1	6-2	11-0	10-3	7-9	14-0	12-7	9-6	17-0	14-7	11-0

Doug Fir Larch North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	11-4	10-9	8-6	15-0	14-1	10-9	19-1	17-3	13-1	23-3	20-0	15-2
16"	10-4	9-8	7-4	13-7	12-3	9-3	17-4	14-11	11-4	21-1	17-4	13-2
24"	9-0	7-11	6-0	11-11	10-0	7-7	15-2	12-2	9-3	17-9	14-2	10-9

Hem Fir North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-11	10-9	9-4	14-5	14-2	11-9	18-5	18-0	14-5	22-5	21-11	16-8
16"	9-11	9-9	8-1	13-1	12-10	10-3	16-9	16-5	12-6	20-6	20-4	19-1
14-6	8-8	8-6	6-7	11-5	11-0	8-4	14-7	13-5	10-2	17-9	15-7	11-0

North Species	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	9-6	9-4	7-3	12-6	11-9	9-2	15-11	14-5	11-3	19-4	16-8	13-0
16"	8-7	8-1	6-3	11-4	10-3	8-0	14-6	12-6	9-9	17-7	14-6	11-3
24"	7-6	6-7	5-2	9-11	8-4	6-6	12-8	10-2	7-11	15-2	11-10	9-3

Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction

Ceiling Joists - Drywall Ceiling, No Sleeping Rooms, No Attic Storage
10 PSF Live, 5 PSF Dead Load

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	12-2	11-10	10-10	19-1	18-8	15-10	25-2	24-7	20-1	32-1	31-4	24-6
16"	11-0	10-9	9-5	17-4	16-11	13-9	22-10	22-4	17-5	29-2	28-1	21-3
24"	9-8	9-5	7-8	15-2	14-9	11-2	19-11	18-9	14-2	25-5	22-11	17-4

Doug Fir Larch North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	13-2	12-5	10-7	20-8	19-6	15-5	27-2	25-8	19-7	34-8	31-6	23-11
16"	11-11	11-3	9-2	18-9	17-8	13-5	24-8	22-4	16-11	31-6	27-3	20-8
24"	10-5	9-10	7-6	16-4	14-5	10-11	21-7	18-3	13-10	27-6	22-3	16-11

Hem Fir North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	12-8	12-5	11-7	19-11	19-6	17-0	26-2	25-8	21-6	33-5	32-9	26-4
16"	11-6	11-3	10-1	18-1	17-8	14-9	23-10	23-4	18-8	30-5	29-9	22-9
24"	10-0	9-10	8-3	15-9	15-6	12-0	20-10	20-1	15-3	26-6	24-6	18-7

North Species	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-11	10-11	9-1	17-2	17-0	13-3	22-8	21-6	16-10	28-11	26-4	20-6
16"	9-11	9-11	7-10	15-7	14-9	11-6	20-7	18-8	14-7	26-3	22-9	17-9
24"	8-8	8-3	6-5	13-8	12-0	9-5	18-0	15-3	11-11	22-11	18-7	14-6

Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction

Rafters - Any Slope, Drywall Finish, No Attic Space
20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	15-2	14-9	11-2	19-11	18-8	14-1	25-5	22-9	17-3	30-11	26-5	20-0
16"	13-9	12-9	9-8	18-2	16-2	12-2	23-2	19-9	14-11	27-4	22-10	17-3
24"	12-0	10-5	7-10	15-9	13-2	10-0	19-3	16-1	12-2	22-4	18-8	14-1

Doug Fir Larch North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	16-4	14-4	10-10	21-7	18-1	13-9	27-6	22-1	16-9	32-2	25-8	19-5
16"	14-11	12-5	9-5	19-7	15-8	11-11	24-0	19-2	14-6	27-11	22-2	16-10
24"	12-8	10-1	7-8	16-1	12-10	9-9	19-8	15-8	11-10	22-9	18-2	13-9

Hem Fir North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	15-9	15-6	11-11	20-10	19-11	15-1	26-6	24-4	18-6	32-2	28-3	21-5
16"	14-4	13-8	10-4	18-11	17-3	13-1	24-0	21-1	16-0	27-11	24-5	18-6
24"	12-6	11-2	8-5	16-1	14-1	10-8	19-8	17-3	13-1	22-9	20-0	15-2

North Species	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	13-8	11-11	9-4	18-0	15-1	11-9	22-11	18-6	14-5	27-6	21-5	16-8
16"	12-5	10-4	8-1	16-4	13-1	10-3	20-7	16-0	12-6	23-10	18-6	14-6
24"	10-10	8-5	6-7	13-9	10-8	8-4	16-9	13-1	10-2	19-5	15-2	11-10

Canadian Wood Species Used in Construction

Rafters - Any Slope, Drywall Finish, No Attic Space
30 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	13-3	12-11	9-10	17-5	16-5	12-5	22-3	20-1	15-2	27-1	23-3	17-7
16"	12-0	11-3	8-6	15-10	14-3	10-9	20-2	17-5	13-2	24-1	20-2	15-3
24"	10-6	9-2	6-11	13-10	11-8	8-9	17-0	14-2	10-9	19-8	16-6	12-5

Doug Fir Larch North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	14-4	12-7	9-7	18-10	16-0	12-1	24-1	19-6	14-10	28-5	22-7	17-2
16"	13-0	10-11	8-3	17-2	13-10	10-6	21-2	16-11	12-10	24-7	19-7	14-10
24"	11-2	8-11	6-9	14-2	11-3	8-7	17-4	13-9	10-6	20-1	16-0	12-2

Hem Fir North	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	13-9	13-6	10-6	18-2	17-7	13-4	23-2	21-6	16-3	28-2	24-11	18-11
16"	12-6	12-0	9-1	16-6	15-3	11-7	21-1	18-7	14-1	24-7	21-7	16-4
24"	10-11	9-10	7-5	14-2	12-5	9-5	17-4	15-2	11-6	20-1	17-7	13-4

North Species	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3	Sel. Str.	No. 1 No. 2	No. 3
12"	11-11	10-6	8-3	15-9	13-4	10-5	20-1	16-3	12-8	24-3	18-11	14-9
16"	10-10	9-1	7-1	14-3	11-7	9-0	18-1	14-1	11-0	21-0	16-4	12-9
24"	9-6	7-5	5-10	12-1	9-5	7-4	14-10	11-6	9-0	17-2	13-4	10-5

Wood Species Used in Construction

Western Wood Species

Species Combination	Abbreviations	Species Included In Combination	Physical Characteristics	Color Range
Douglas Fir - Larch	Doug Fir - L	Douglas Fir Western Larch	-Clear of Knots -Superior Strength -High Hardness - Holds paint well	Reddish brown with pronounced grain
Douglas Fir - South	D - Fir - S	Douglas Fir South (AS,CO,NV,NM &UT)	Same as above	Same as above
Hem - Fir	Hem - Fir	Western Hemlock, Noble Fir. California Red Fir. Grand Fir, Pacific Silver Fir, White Fir	-Strong, stiff -Easy to work -Straight grained	Yellow brown to white
Spruce - Pine - Fir	SPF	Sitka Spruce, Englemann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Ponderosa Pine	-High grade -Tight knots -smooth, straight grain	Yellowish white with occasional reddish orange streaks
Western Woods	West Woods	Sugar Pine, Idaho White Pine, Mountain Hemlock, Alpine Fir	-Straight grained -Excellent Workability -Holds paint well	Pale yellow to reddish brown
Western cedars	West CDR	Incense Cedar, Western Red Cedar, Port Orford Cedar, Alaskan Cedar	-Straight course grain -Lightweight -Brittle splits -Resistant to decay	Rich earthy red

Wood Species Used in Construction

Western Lumber Span Charts Intro

These span charts represent the most commonly available grades of western dimensional lumber. Spans are for use in the USA and for dry service conditions. For other grades and loading conditions and spacing refer to the Western Lumber Span Tables published by the Western Wood Products Associations. www.wwpa.org. Span charts courtesy of the Canadian Wood Council.

Western Wood Species Used in Construction

Floor Joists - 30 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load, L360<

Spruce Pine-Fir South	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-9	10-5	8-11	14-2	13-9	11-4	18-0	17-6	13-10	21-11	21-4	16-1
16"	9-9	9-6	7-9	12-10	12-6	9-10	16-5	15-11	12-0	19-8	18-6	13-11
24"	8-6	8-3	6-4	11-3	10-8	8-0	13-10	13-0	9-9	16-1	15-1	11-4

Doug Fir Larch	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	12-3	12-0	11-10	16-2	15-10	15-7	20-8	20-3	19-10	25-1	24-8	23-0
16"	11-2	10-11	10-9	14-8	14-5	14-1	18-9	18-5	17-2	22-10	21-4	19-11
24"	9-9	9-7	9-1	12-10	12-4	11-6	16-1	15-0	14-1	18-8	17-5	16-3

Doug Fir South	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	11-0	10-9	9-6	14-6	14-2	12-0	18-6	18-0	14-8	22-6	21-11	17-0
16"	10-0	9-9	8-2	13-2	12-10	10-5	16-10	16-5	12-8	20-3	19-4	14-8
24"	8-9	8-6	6-8	11-6	11-2	8-6	14-3	13-8	10-4	16-6	15-10	12-0

West Woods	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-5	10-1	8-5	13-9	13-4	10-8	17-1	17-0	13-0	19-10	19-10	15-1
16"	9-6	9-2	7-3	12-2	12-1	9-3	14-10	14-10	11-3	17-2	17-2	13-1
24"	7-10	7-10	5-11	9-11	9-11	7-6	12-1	12-1	9-2	14-0	14-0	10-8

Hem Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	11-7	11-7	11-0	15-3	15-3	14-8	19-5	19-5	18-6	23-7	23-7	22-6
16"	10-6	10-6	10-0	13-10	13-10	13-2	17-8	17-8	16-10	21-6	20-9	19-8
24"	9-2	9-2	8-9	12-1	12-0	11-4	15-5	14-8	13-10	17-10	17-0	16-1

Western Wood Species Used in Construction

Floor Joists - 40 PSF Live Load, 10 PSF Dead Load, L360

Spruce Pine Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	9-9	9-6	8-0	12-10	12-6	10-2	16-5	15-11	12-5	19-11	19-1	14-4
16"	8-10	8-7	6-11	11-8	11-4	8-9	14-11	14-3	10-9	17-7	16-6	12-5
24"	7-8	7-6	5-8	10-2	9-6	7-2	12-5	11-8	8-9	14-4	13-6	10-2

Doug Fir Larch	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	11-2	10-11	10-9	14-8	14-5	14-2	18-9	18-5	17-9	22-10	22-0	20-7
16"	10-2	9-11	9-9	13-4	13-1	12-7	17-0	16-5	15-5	20-5	19-1	17-10
24"	8-10	8-8	8-1	11-8	11-0	10-3	14-5	13-5	12-7	16-8	15-7	14-7

Doug Fir South	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	10-0	9-9	8-6	13-2	12-10	10-9	16-10	16-5	13-1	20-6	19-11	15-2
16"	9-1	8-10	7-4	12-0	11-8	9-3	15-3	14-11	11-4	18-1	17-4	13-2
14-6	7-11	7-9	6-0	10-5	10-0	7-7	12-9	12-2	9-3	14-9	14-2	10-9

West Woods	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	9-6	9-2	7-6	12-6	12-1	9-6	15-4	15-4	11-8	17-9	17-9	13-6
16"	8-7	8-4	6-6	10-10	10-10	8-3	13-3	13-3	10-1	15-5	15-5	11-8
24"	7-0	7-0	5-4	8-10	8-10	6-9	10-10	10-10	8-3	12-7	12-7	9-6

Hem Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	10-6	10-6	10-0	13-10	13-10	13-2	17-8	17-8	16-10	21-6	21-6	20-4
16"	9-6	9-6	9-1	12-7	12-7	12-0	16-0	16-0	15-2	19-6	18-7	17-7
24"	8-3	8-3	7-11	11-0	10-9	10-2	13-9	13-1	12-5	16-0	15-2	14-4

Western Wood Species Used in Construction

Ceiling Joists- Limited Attic Storage
20 PSF Live, 10 PSF Dead Load, L240

Spruce Pine Fir South	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	14-1	13-8	10-4	18-6	17-5	13-1	22-7	21-3	16-0	26-3	24-8	18-6
16"	12-8	11-11	8-11	16-0	15-1	11-4	19-7	18-5	13-10	22-8	21-4	16-1
24"	10-4	9-8	7-4	13-1	12-4	9-3	16-0	15-0	11-4	18-6	17-5	13-1

Doug Fir Larch	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	16-1	15-9	14-10	21-2	20-1	18-9	26-4	24-6	22-11	30-6	28-5	25-7
16"	14-7	13-9	12-10	18-8	17-5	16-3	22-9	21-3	19-10	26-5	24-8	23-0
24"	12-0	11-2	10-6	15-3	14-2	13-3	18-7	17-4	16-3	21-7	20-1	18-10

Doug Fir South	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	14-5	14-1	10-11	19-0	18-3	13-10	23-3	22-3	16-11	27-0	25-10	19-7
16"	13-0	12-6	9-6	16-6	15-9	12-0	20-2	19-3	14-8	23-4	22-4	17-0
24"	10-8	10-2	7-9	13-6	12-11	9-9	16-5	15-9	11-11	19-1	18-3	13-10

West Woods	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3
12"	12-9	12-9	9-8	16-2	16-2	12-4	19-9	19-9	15-0	22-11	22-11	17-5
16"	11-1	11-1	8-5	14-0	14-0	10-8	17-1	17-1	13-0	19-10	19-10	15-1
24"	9-0	9-0	6-10	11-5	11-5	8-8	14-0	14-0	10-7	16-3	16-3	12-4

Hem Fir	2x6 Grade			2x8 Grade			2x10 Grade			2x12 Grade
O.C.	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2	No. 1 & BTR	No. 1	No. 2
12"	15-2	15-2	14-5	19-11	19-7	18-6	25-2	23-11	22-7	29-2	27-9	26-3
16"	13-9	13-5	12-8	17-10	16-11	16-0	21-9	20-8	19-7	25-3	24-0	22-8
24"	11-6	10-11	10-4	14-7	13-10	13-1	17-9	16-11	16-0	20-7	19-7	18-6

Pressure-Treated Lumber

Pressure-Treated Lumber Information

CA-C .06	treated wood is approved for exterior use above ground.
CA-C .15	treated wood is approved for exterior use and can be touching or in the ground or fresh water.
CA-C .31	is approved for use in permanent wood foundations. Wood Treated with ACZA can be special ordered and is rated for use in salt water applications by the AWPA.

Pressure-Treated Lumber

Changes in Pressure-Treated Lumber

According to tests designed and approved by the American Wood-Preservers' Association, the new treated lumber is more corrosive to fasteners than the old CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate) treated wood. The Manufacturers of ACQ® (Alkaline Copper Quat), CA (Copper Azole Type A and B) and SBX (Sodium Borate) and the treated wood industry are all recommending hot-dipped galvanized and stainless steel nails and screws with their treated wood products. Fasteners must meet the ASTM A-153 specification for hot-dipped galvanizing.

Pressure-Treated Lumber

Fastener Recommendations for Pressure-Treated Lumber

When selecting deck fasteners, framing nails, decking nails or screws, take note of the holding capacity and the resistance to corrosion. When quoting an outdoor construction project for a client, encourage them not to skimp on the fasteners. Using the wrong fasteners can compromise the appearance, longevity, and safety of their project.

Many fasteners traditionally used with treated lumber are no longer recommended for this application. Dacrotized, electroplated, brass and aluminum fasteners should not be used in treated lumber when the visible appearance of rust or the likelihood of corrosion is unacceptable.

Pressure-Treated Lumber

Acceptable Fasteners for Pressure-Treated Lumber

GOOD - Nonmetallic finish:
Includes but is not limited to triple coated screws first galvanized then covered with a ceramic or Teflon (or similar material) layer with top sealer coat.

BETTER - Hot-Dip Galvanized.
The requirements for use with treated wood should conform to the following ASTM Standards: ASTM 153 (for Hot-Dip fastener products) and ASTM-A 653 (Coating Designation G-185 for Hot-Dip connector and sheet products). NOTE: Hot Galvanized does not equal Hot Dip Galvanized.

BEST - Stainless Steel:
Stainless steel fasteners and connectors are required for Permanent Wood Foundations below grade and are recommended for use with treated wood in other severe exterior applications such as swimming pools, salt water exposure, etc. Type 304 and 316 are the recommended grades to use.

Manufacturer Recommended Fasteners and Hardware:
There may be additional products (other than stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized) that are suitable for use with ACQ treated wood. Please consult with the fastener or hardware manufacturer for use recommendations.

Structural Panels

Grade	Description	Uses	Typical Thickness
APA A-C EXT	Double sanded face, extra smooth	Cabinets, shelving, underlayment, porch ceilings, soffit.	1/4",3/8", 1/2" 5/8", 3/4"
APA B-C EXT	Sanded panel with a solid core.	Cabinets, shelving, underlayment.	1/4",3/8", 1/2" 5/8", 3/4"
APA Underlayment C-C Plugged EXT	Touch-sanded. High impact resistance.	Subfloor for areas to be carpeted.	3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 19/32", 23/32", 3/4"
APA B-B Plyform Class 1 EXT	Oil treated.	Concrete forms.	5/8", 3/4"
APA - Rated® Sheathing EXP I	Span rated for general construction.	Subflooring, wall and roof sheathing.	3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 5/8", 23/32"
APA - Rated® Structural 1 Sheathing EXP 1	Unsanded panel used where strength is important.	Diaphragms, gussets plates, skin panels.	3/8", 7/16", 15/32", 1/2", 19/32", 5/8", 23/32", 3/4"
APA - Rated® Sturdi-I-Flore® EXP1	High Impact resistance. Smooth surface on one side.	Subfloors, square edge or tongue & groove.	19/32",5/8", 23/32", 3/4", 1", 1-1/8"
APA - Rated® Sturdi-I-Floor® 48" oc (2-4-1) EXP 1	Subfloor-underlay 32" & 48" spans. SE or T&G	Subfloors and heavy timber roof construction.	7/8", 1-1/8"

Structural Panels

Performance-Rated Panels by Thickness and Span Rating

Grade	Thickness	Span	Grade	Thickness	Span
Rated Sheathing	3/8"	24/0	Rated Sturdi-Floor	19/32", 5/8"	20 oc
7/16"	24/16	23/32", 4/3"		24 oc
15/32", 1/2"	32/16	7/8", 1"		32 oc
19/32", 5/8"	40/20	1-1/8"		48 oc
23/32", 3/4"	48/24
Rated Siding	11/32"	16 oc	Rated Sidings T-111	19/32"	16 or 24 oc
	15/32"	24 oc

Structural Panels

Rating Guide

1.	Panel Grade	5.	Product Standard	9.	Siding Face Grade	13.	Panel Mark-Rating & End Use Designation, Canadian Std.
2.	Span Rating	6.	Thickness	10.	Species Group Number
3.	Tongue & Groove	7.	Mill Number	11.	HUD/FHA Recognition	14.	Canadian Performance Rating
4.	Exposure Class	8.	Performance Standard	12.	Panel Grade, Canadian Std.	15.	Panel Face Orientation

Wood I Joist Installation to Wood

Sloped I-Joists:

Use hangers with sloped seals whenever the slope exceeds the following: 1/2:12 for seat bearing lengths of 2 1/2 inches or less; 3/8:12 for bearing lengths between 2 1/2 inches and 3 1/2 inches; and 1/4:12 for bearing length in excess of 3 1/2 inches.

Multiple I-Joists:

Fasten together multiple piles of wood I-joists, in accordance with the manufacturer's installation guidelines, such that the joists act as a single unit.

Rotation on I-Joists:

It may be necessary to install straps, blocking or sheathing to restrain torsional rotation of a supporting wood I-Joist when using top mount I-joist hangers.

Fasteners:
Install only the specific nails. The flanges of wood I-Joists may split if larger diameter nails or longer nails are installed. Do not install nails larger than 16 penny common (0.162 inch diameter) into the web stiffeners in the wood I-joist.

Backer Blocks:
Pattern the nails used to install backer blocks or web stiffeners in wood I-Joists to avoid splitting the block. The nail pattern should be sufficiently spaced and avoid the same grain line, particularly with solid sawn backer blocks. Backer blocks must be installed on the wood I-joists acting as the header, or supporting member. Install in accordance with the I-joist manufacturer's installation guidelines with the backer blocks seated against the bottom flange of the supporting header when using the face mount hangers, and against the top flange if using the top mount hangers. The nails installed to hangers mounted to an I-joist header must penetrate through the web and into the backer block on the opposite side.

 

Pneumatic Fastener Chart

Bostitch

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Stock N80, N70, N100s	BS = Bostitch Stick	2" - 3 1/2"
Framing Coil N80C	CW = Coil Wire	2" - 3 1/4"
Coil N55C, N65CP, N63CP	BC = Bostitch Coil	1 1/4" - 2 1/4"
Roofing Nailer N12B-1, RN45	CR = Coil Roof	1" - 1 3/4"
Sheathing Stapler T36-50, T36-1, T50S4	SBS = Staple Bostitch Standard	1" - 2"
Roofing Stapler T40S2-CT, T35-32, T35-8	SBW = Staple Bostitch Wide	1" - 1 1/2"
Floor Stapler MII	SBF = Staple Bostitch Flooring	2"
Finish Nailer T36, N60FN	BFT/BFN = Bostitch Finish Nail + T-Nail	1 1/2" - 2 1/2"
Brad Nailer BT35, BT50	FB = Finish Brad	5/8" - 2"
Finish Stapler SX Series	SBN = Staple Bostitch Narrow	3/8" - 1 3/16"

Senco

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Nailer SN2, SN4, SN70, SN325	PCH = Paper Clip Head	2" - 3 1/2"
Framing Coil SCN60, SCN65	CW = Coil Wire	2" - 3 1/2"
Framing Nailer SN60	PS = Plastick Stick	2" - 3 1/2"
Roof Nailer SCN200R, SCN40R	CR = Coil Roof	1" - 1 3/4"
Sheathing Stapler MI, MII	SSI = Senco Staple Intermediate	1" - 2"
Roofing Stapler PW, MW	SSW = Senco Staple Wide	1" - 1 1/2"
Finish Nailer SFN1, SFN40	SFN = Senco finish Nail	1 1/2" - 2 1/2"
Brad Nailer SLP20	FB = Finish Brad	5/8" - 1 5/8"
Finish Stapler SLS20	SSN = Staple Senco Narrow	3/8" - 1 1/2"

Paslode

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Nailer 5300-5350-SK312, F-350s, IM325	PCH = Paper Clip Head	2" - 3 1/2"
Finish Nailer 3250 F16, MU212-F16, Trimpulse	PFN = Paslode Finish Nail	1" - 2 1/2"
Finish Stapler 3150-N18, 2125-N18	SPN = Staple Paslode Narrow	1/2" - 1 1/2"

Hitachi

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Stick NR-83A, NR90AC	PS = Plastic Stick	2" - 3 1/2"
Framing Coil NV83A, NV65AC	CW = Coil Wire	2" - 3 1/4"
Framing Stick NR83AA	PCH = Paper Clip Head	2" - 3 1/2"
Coil Roofer NV-45 AB	CR = Coil Roof	1" - 1 3/4"
Coil Siding NV50AA, VH650	HCP/HCPX = Hitachi Coil Plastic .099/.083	1 1/4" - 2 1/2"
Sheathing Stapler 5008AA, AB	SSI = Staple Intermediate	1" 2"
Finish Nailer NT65A, NT65A2	PFN = Paslode finish Nail	1 1/4" - 2 1/2"
Finish Nailer NT65AA	SFN = Senco Finish Nail	1 1/2" - 2 1/2"
Brad Nailer NT45A, NT50AD, NT32AE, NT50AE	FB = Finish Brad	5/8" - 2"

Porter Cable

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Stick FR350	PS = Plastic Stick	2" - 3 1/2"
Framing Stick FC350	PCH = Paper Clip Head	2" - 3 1/2"
Finish Nailer FN200, FN250, CFN250	PFN = Paslode Finish Nail	3/4" - 2 1/2"
Finish Nailer DA250, CDA250	SFN = Senco Finish Nail	1 1/2" - 2 1/2"
Brad Nailer BN125, BN200	FB = Finish Brad	5/8" - 2"

Makita

Tool	Nail Type	Size Range
Framing Stock AB8300	PS = Plastic Stick	2" - 3 1/2"
Finish Nailer F631	BFN = Bostitch finish Nail	1 1/2" - 2 1/2"

Nail Use Guide

Product	Pounds / Sq.	Description
Vinyl Siding	1/3 per sq.	1 1/2-1 3/4 Alum. Nails
Bevel Siding	2	6 & 8d el. Galv. Box
Board Siding	2	8d el. Galv. Box
Cedar Shakes	2	6 & 8d el. Galv. Box
Cedar Siding	2	3 & 5d el. Galv. Box
Felt 30# and 15#	-	3/4 Galv. Roof
Framing Lumber	3 per sq.	Common
Hardboard Siding	2	Galv. Box or Flathead siding Nail to allow 1" into stud
Hardboard Underlay 1/4"	1	1 1/4" Ringshank
Plywood 5/8"	1	1 7/8" Ringshank
Pine & Fir Sheath	2	6 & 8d Common
Ply. 2-4 T&G	2 1/2	10d Common
Ply. 1/2 & 5/8	1 1/2	6 & 8d Common
Roof Shingles	1 - 1 1/2	3/4-2" Galv. Roof

Roofing

Nailing Schedule For Roofing

Type of Roofing	Shingles Per Square	Length of Nail	Nails Per Square	Pounds Per Square (approximate)		Labor Hours Per Square
				12 Ga. by 7/16" Head	11 Ga. By 7/16 " Head
Roll Roofing on New Deck	-	1"	252	.73	1.12	1
Roll Roofing Over Old Roofing	-	1 3/4"	252	1.43	1.78	1 1/4
19" Selvage over Old Shingles	-	1 1/4"	181	1.83	1.07	1
3 Tab Sq. Butt On New Deck	80	1 1/4"	336	1.22	1.44	1 1/2
3 Tab Sq. Butt Re-roofing	80	1 3/4"	504	2.38	3.01	1 3/8

Roofing

Shingles

		Per Square - 10' x 10'			Size
Product	Configuration	Approximate Shipping Weight	Shingles	Bundles	Width	Length	Exposure	Underwriter Laboratories Listing
Self-sealing random - tab strip shingle Muti-thickness	Various edge, surface texture and applications treatments	240# to 360#	64 to 90	3,4 or 5	11 1/2" to 14"	36" to 40'	4" to 6"	A or C Many wind resistant
Self-sealing random tab strip shingle Single-thickness	Various edge, surface texture and applications treatments	240# to 300#	65 to 80	3 or 4	12" to 13 1/4"	36" to 40"	5" to 5 5/8"	A or C Many wind resistant
Self-sealing square tab strip shingle Three-tab	Two-tab or Four Tab	215# to 325#	65 to 80	3 or 4	12" to 13 1/4"	36" to 40"	5" to 5 5/8"	A or C All wind resistant
	Three-Tab	215# to 300#	65 to 80	3 or 4	12" to 13 1/4"	36" to 40"	5" to 5 5/8"
Self-sealing square tab strip shingle No-cutout	Various edge, surface texture treatments	215# to 290#	65 to 81	3 or 4	12" to 13 1/4"	36" to 40"	5" to 5 5/8"	A or C All wind resistant
Individual interlocking shingle Basic design	Several design variations	180# to 250#	72 to 120	3 or 4	18" to 22 1/4"	20" to 22 1/2"	-	A or C Many wind Resistant

Roof Rafter Length

Determining Roof Rafter Length

Conversion Factors for Roof Rafters

Slope (IN 12)	Slope Factor
3	1.031
4	1.054
5	1.083
6	1.118
7	1.158
8	1.202
9	1.25
10	1.302
11	1.357
12	1.474
13	1.514
14	1.537
15	1.601
16	1.667
17	1.734
18	1.803
19	1.873
20	1.944

To convert "Rafter Span" to Sloping Distance":

• Select slope factor for given slop in table.
• Multiply horizontal span by "Slope Factor".

Example:
If slope is 4 in 12 and rafter span is 12'-6", the sloping distance = 12.5 x 1.054 = 13.175' or 13'2".
(Note:the over-all rafter length depends on the length of the overhang.)

Roof Rafter Length

Cutting a Rafter Birdsmouth

1. Determine the rafter length using the table above: Ex: run = 20', slope = 4. Rafter Length =21' - 1" using the table above
2. Measure Ø (from Table 1) at top edge of rafter
3. Draw the building line.
4. Draw 2/3 width line from the top edge of rafter.
5. Use square to draw seat cut in from bottom edge of rafter to intersect building line.

Note: the birdsmouth notch should be limited to 1/3 the rafter width to maintain 2/3 of the rafter section.

Roofing

Calculating Guide for Roofing Sq. Footage

Siding

Estimating Siding

1. Determine the number of square feet of rectangular wall areas.

• Measure the length of the walls.
• Measure the height of the walls to the bottom of the gables.
• Multiply the L x W to determine the number of square feet.

2. Determine the number of square feet of gabled areas.

• Measure from the bottom of the gable to the top of the gable.
• Determine from chart A the total number of square feet for each gable area.

3. Add all areas together to determine total square footage required.
4. Determine the total area of all windows and doors and subtract the square footage.
5. Add 10% factor for waste.

	Square Footage of Gables
	Height of Gable
Wall Length	3'	4'	5'	7'	9'
4'	6 ft2	8 ft2	10 ft2	14 ft2	18 ft2
8'	12 ft2	16 ft2	20 ft2	28 ft2	36 ft2
12'	18 ft2	24 ft2	30 ft2	42 ft2	54 ft2
16'	24 ft2	32 ft2	40 ft2	56 ft2	72 ft2
20'	30 ft2	40 ft2	50 ft2	70 ft2	90 ft2
24'	36 ft2	48 ft2	60 ft2	84 ft2	108 ft2
28'	42 ft2	56 ft2	70 ft2	98 ft2	126 ft2
32'	48 ft2	64 ft2	80 ft2	112 ft2	144 ft2
36'	54 ft2	72 ft2	90 ft2	126 ft2	162 ft2
40'	60 ft2	80 ft2	100 ft2	140 ft2	180 ft2

Siding

Fiber Cement Siding

From chart below determine how many pieces of siding are required.

	Square Feet To Be Covered
Siding Size	100	200	300	400	500	1,000	1,500	2,000
6 1/2" x 12'	20 pcs.	39 PCs	58 PCs	77 PCs	96 PCs	191 PCs	286 PCs	381 PCs
7 1/2" x 12'	16 PCs	32 PCs	48 PCs	64 PCs	80 PCs	160 PCs	240 PCs	320 PCs
8 1/4" x 12'	15 PCs	29 PCs	43 PCs	58 PCs	72 PCs	143 PCs	215 PCs	286 PCs
9 1/2" x 12'	13 PCs	25 PCs	37 PCs	49 PCs	61 PCs	122 PCs	182 PCs	243 PCs
12" x 12'	10 PCs	19 PCs	28 PCs	38 PCs	47 PCs	94 PCs	140 PCs	187 PCs

Insulation

Fiberglass Insulation

Fiberglass combines high thermal efficiency and light weight. It is resilient, versatile, economical material excellent for use as a cavity insulation between wall, floor and ceiling framing members.

Kraft Faced

Standard Products	R-Value	Thickness	Dimensions (Width x Length)	Sq. Ft. / Package	Package Form	PCs / Pkg.
New Const. Attics	R-38	12"	16 x 48"	32.00	Batt-in-Bag	6
		12"	24" x 48"	48.00	Batt-in-Bag	6
2x10 Cathedral Ceilings	R-30C	8 1/4"	15 1/2" x 48"	50.00	Batt-in-Bag	10
New Const. Attics	R-30	10"	16" x 48"	53.33	Batt-in-Bag	10
		10"	24" x 48"	80.00	Batt-in-Bag	10
2x6 Exterior Walls	R-21	5 1/2"	15" x 93"	58.13	Batt-in-Bag	6
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors	R-19	6 1/4"	15" x 93"	77.50	Batt-in-Bag	8
		6 1/4"	23" x 93"	118.83	Batt-in-Bag	8
		6 1/4"	15" x 39' 2"	48.96	Cont. Roll	1
		6 1/4"	23" x 39' 2"	75.07	Cont. Roll	1
2x4 Exterior Walls	R-15	3 1/2"	15" x 93"	58.13	Batt-in-Bag	6
2x4 Exterior Wall	R-13	3 1/2"	15" x 93"	116.25	Batt-in-Bag	12
		3 1/2"	15" x 32'	40.00	Cont. Mini Roll	1
2x4 Ext. & Int. Walls	R-11	3 1/2"	15" x 94"	88.12	Precut Roll	1
		3 1/2"	23" x 94"	135.12	Precut Roll	1
		3 1/2"	15" x 44'	50.00	Cont. Mini Roll	1

Foil Faced

Standard Products	R-Value	Thickness	Dimensions (Width x Length)	Sq. Ft. / Package	Package Form	PCs / Pkg.
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors	R-19	6 1/4"	16" x 96"	85.33	Batt-in-Bag	8
2x4 Walls	R-11	3 1/2"	16" x 96"	170.67	Batt-in-Bag	16

Unfaced

Standard Products	R-Value	Thickness	Dimensions (Width x Length)	Sq. Ft. / Package	Package Form	PCs / Pkg.
New Const. Attics	R-38	12"	16" x 48"	32.00	Batt-in-Bag	6
		12"	24" x 48"	48.00	Batt-in-Bag	6
New Const. Attics	R-30	10"	16" x 48"	53.33	Batt-in-Bag	10
		10"	24" x 48"	80,00	Batt-in-Bag	10
Adding to Attics	R-25	8"	16" x 96"	64.00	Cont. Roll	6
		8"	24" x 96"	96.00	Cont. Roll	6
2x6 Exterior Walls & Floors	R-19	6 1/4"	16" x 96"	85.33	Batt-in-Bag	8
		6 1/4"	24" x 96"	128.00	Batt-in-Bag	8
		6 1/4"	15" x 39'2"	48.96	Cont. Roll	1
		6 1/4"	23" x 39'2"	75.07	Cont. Roll	1
2x4 Exterior Walls	R-13	3 1/2"	15" x 93"	116.25	Batt-in-Bag	12
2x4 Ext & Int. Walls	R-11	3 1/2"	15" x 94"	88.12	Pre-cut Roll	9

Insulation

Foam Board Sheathing

Energy-efficient foamboard sheathing panels are designed as an alternative to conventional plywood and softboard sheathing systems. The higher the R-Value, the greater the insulating power.

	Approximate R-Factor (R-Value)	Tongue & Groove	Density (Lbs. Per Ft.3)	Panel Sizes
R-3	Polystyrene 3/4" molded	Yes	1.0 to 1.5	2x8, 13 1/2x4, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12
R-4	Polystyrene 1" molded	Yes	1.0 to 1.5	2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12
R-4	Extruded Polystyrene	Yes	2.1	2x8, 4x8, 4x9
R-3.6	Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1/2" with foil	No	2.0	2x8, 4x8, 4x9
R-5	Isocyanurates 1" extruded	Yes	2.1	2x8, 4x8, 4x9, 4x12
R-5	Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 5/8"	No	2.0	4x8, 4x9, 4x12
R-5.6	Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 3/4" with foil	No	2.0	4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12
R-7	Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 7/8" with foil	No	2.0	4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12
R-7.2	Polyurethane or Isocyanurates 1" with foil	No	2.0	4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 4x12

Caulks & Sealants

	Siliconized Acrylic	Silicone	Butyl Rubber	Poly sulfide	Polyur ethane	Latex	Silicone Latex	Acrylic Latex
Flexibility	± 10% to 20%	± 25% to 50%	± 10%	± 25%	± 25%	± 5%	± 25%	± 10% to 20%
Adhesion	Good	Excellent	Good	Good, designed for Immersion.	Excellent	Fair	Excellent	Good to porous surfaces, poor to nonpourous ones.
Paintability	Excellent	Poor	Poor	Good	Good	Good	Good	Excellent
Years Service	Indoors, 20; outdoors, 10 to 15 in low-stress situations.	Minimum 20	10	15 if protected from sun.	15 if painted or protected from sun.	5 to 10	15	Indoors, 20; outdoors, 10 to 15
Clean Up	Water	Solvent	Solvent	Solvent	Solvent	Water	Water	Water
Shrinkage	20%	< 2%	1% to 20%	< 5%	< 5%	10% to 20%	10%	Clear, 20%; Pigmented, 10%
UV Resistance	Good	Excellent	Good	Poor	Low, better if painted, White lasts longest in sun.	Fair	Excellent	Good
Best Use	Interior, paintable surfaces.	Outdoors, bathrooms, kitchens	Gutter Joints and metal-to-masonry joints.	Outdoors, where there is moderate movement.	Joints subject to abrasion.	Low-movement interior joints.	General purpose, indoors/out.	Patching interior cracks, joints and small holes

Ventilation

Proper ventilation is required to prevent the buildup of damaging moisture that is generated from normal household activities such as laundry, showers, dishwashing and cooking. Ventilation is also necessary to reduce attic temperatures to prevent premature roof aging and to improve energy efficiency.

• As a general rule, one square foot of net free vent area (NFVA) per 300 square feet is recommended.
• For a balanced system, ventilation should be equal at the undereave and ridge.
• If proper distribution of undereave and ridge vents cannot be achieved, one square foot of NFVA should be provided for each 150 sq. ft. of area to be vented.
• Requirements may vary by locality. Check your local building codes.

Sq. Footage of Attic	*Sq. Inches NFVA at Peak	*Min. Ft. of Ridge Vent	*Min. Ft. of Roll Vent	*Sq. inches of NFVA at Soffit
1,000	240	13	14	288
1,100	264	14	16	317
1,200	288	14.5	17	346
1,300	312	17	18	375
1,400	336	18	20	403
1,500	360	19.5	21.5	432
1,600	384	21	23	460
1,700	408	22	24	490
1,800	432	23.5	26	518
1,900	456	25	27	547
2,000	480	26	28	576
2,100	504	27	30	604
2,200	528	28.5	31	633
2,300	552	30	33	662
2,400	576	31	34	691

* Double the above ratio for 1:150. Minimum based on HUD requirement MPS 403-3

Compounds and Textures

Joint Systems

Product	Package Size	Coverage
Bedding Compound Adheres tape to joints. First coat coverage for nails and corner bead.	25 lb. bags	15-20 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft.
Topping For second and third coats over Bedding Compound. Used only for finishing applications.	25 lb. bags	40-45 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft
Multipurpose Vinyl/polymer binder multipurpose joint product. Used for taping, finishing and texturing.	25 lb. bags	60 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints 15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
All Purpose Used for bedding tape, finishing joints, filling corner bead, spotting, texturing	25 lb. bags	60 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints 15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
Setting Type Compound All bedding and topcoats. Allows complete taping and finishing in one day Recommended for cold weather and slow drying conditions	25 lb. bags	60 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for joints 15-50 lbs. Per 1000 sq. ft. for texturing
Easy Sanding Setting Tape Same us as setting type compound. Applies and sands easier, shrinks less.	22 lb. bags	15-20 lbs Per 1000 sq. ft.
Ready Mix All Purpose Ready to use for taping and finishing	12 lb. pails, 30 lb. pails 61.7 lb pails, 48 lb. cartons	60 lbs. Per 700 sq. ft.
Ready Mix Topping Premixed. Finish applications only.	61.7 lb. pails 48 lb. cartons	40 lbs per 700 sq. ft.
Lightweight Joint Compound Premixed, ready to use for taping	4.5 Gallons (43 lbs.) Cartons and pails	4.5 gallons Per 700 sq. ft.
Tape 2" wide paper tape with spark perforations and skived edges, Reinforces wallboard joints	60 ft. rolls 250 ft. rolls 500 ft. rolls	400' per 1000 sq. ft. of gypsum board
Fiberglass Mesh Tape 2" wide, for use in reinforcing glass mat where silicone-greated tile backer is used.	150 ft. rolls	400' per 1000 sq. ft. of gypsum board

Compounds and Textures

Textures

Product	Package Size	Coverage
Wall Texture Decorative finish with either hand tool or spray applications	25 lb. bags	Up to 1000 sq. ft. per 25 lbs. for splatter applications; approximately 200 sq. ft. per 25 lbs. for other applications
Ceiling Textures / Vermiculite For spray application only as a decorative finish for wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for high-moisture areas such as bathrooms.	40 lb bags	Varies from 300 to 400 sq. ft. per bag.
Ceiling Textures/Polystyrene For spray application only. Designed for volume applications on wallboard or concrete ceilings. Not recommended for High-moisture areas.	32 lb. bags	250 sq/ ft. per bag.
Premixed Ceiling Textures Designed for roll-on application to interior ceilings. Provides a hard, white, textured surface.	2 gallon pails	60 to 120 sq. ft. per 2 gallon pail.

Gypsum Wall board Estimator

Room Size	Panels		Ready Mix Gal.	Joint Tape Ft.	Wallboard Screws Ea.
	4' x 8'	4' x 12"
8' x 8'	8	6	3	128	320
8' x 10'	9	6	3	136	360
8' x 12'	10	7	4	144	400
8' x 14'	11	8	4	152	440
8' x 16'	12	8	5	160	480
9' x 9'	9	6	3	128	360
9' x 10'	10	7	4	132	380
9' x 12'	11	7	4	140	420
9' x 14'	12	8	5	156	460
9' x 16'	13	9	5	164	500
10' x 10'	10	7	4	144	400
10' x 12'	11	8	4	152	440
10' x 14'	12	8	5	160	480
10' x 16'	13	9	5	168	520
11' x 11'	11	8	4	148	440
11' x 12'	12	8	4	156	460
11' x 14'	13	9	5	164	500
11' x 16'	14	9	5	172	540
12' x 12'	12	8	4	160	480
12' x 14'	13	9	5	168	520
12' x 15'	14	9	5	172	540
12' x 16'	14	10	5	176	560
13' x 13'	13	9	5	168	520
13' x 14'	14	9	5	172	540
13' x 15'	14	10	5	176	560
13' x 16'	15	10	5	180	580
14' x 14'	14	10	5	176	560
14' x 15'	15	10	5	180	580
14' x 16'	15	10	5	184	600
15' x 15'	15	10	5	184	600
15' x 16'	16	11	5	188	620
16' x 16'	16	11	6	192	640

Concrete

Redi-Mix Concrete Post Hole

Number of 60 Lb. and 80 Lb. bags of redi-mix concrete to set posts and poles
Depth of Hole	Diameter of Hole
	6" Hole		8" Hole		10" Hole		12" Hole
	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.
12"	1/2	1/3	3/4	2/3	1 1/4	1	1 3/4	1 1/3
18"	2/3	1/2	1 1/4	1	2	1 1/2	2 2/3	2
24"	1	2/3	1 1/2	1 1/4	2 1/2	2	3 1/2	2 2/3
30"	1 1/4	1	2	1 1/2	3	2 1/2	4 1/2	3 1/3
36"	1 1/2	1	2 1/3	1 3/4	3 2/3	3	5 1/4	4
42"	1 2/3	1 1/4	2 3/4	2	4 1/4	3 1/4	6 1/4	4 2/3

Concrete

Redi-Mix Concrete Slab

Number of 60 Lb. and 80 Lb. bags of redi-mix concrete required to pour a concrete slab.

Slab Thickness	Diameter of Hole
	1'		2'		3'		5'		10'
	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.
4"	1	1/2	1 1/2	1	2	2	4	3	8	6
6"	1	1	2	2	3 1/2	3	6	4	12	9

Slab Thickness	Diameter of Hole Continued
	15'		20'		30'		40'		50'
	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.	60 Lb.	80 Lb.
4"	12	9	15	12	23	17	30	23	38	28
6"	17	13	23	17	34	25	45	34	56	42

Mortar Mix

Amount	Blocks	Bricks
One 60 pound bag	20	48
One 80 pound bag	27	65

Sand Mix

Amount	Yield
One 60 pound bag	6 square feet x 1" deep
One 80 pound bag	8 square feet x 1" deep

Concrete

Mortar Mixes for Concrete Block Work*

Application	Cement	Hydrated Lime	Mortar Sand (measured in damp, loose condition)
Routine Projects	1 part of masonry cement or	None	2.3
	1 part of Portland cement	1- 1/4	4-6
Project subject to extremely heavy loads, severe frost action, earthquakes, violent winds; also for isolated piers	1 part of masonry cement and 1 part of Portland cement or	None	4-6
	1 part of Portland cement	0- 1/4	2-3

*All proportions measured by volume

Concrete

How To Estimate Materials For 100 Square Feet of Concrete Of Various Thickness

Thicknesses of concrete in inches	Amount of concrete cubic yards	Proportions
		1:1 3/4: 2 mix Aggregate			1:2 1/4: 3 mix Aggregate			1:2 3/4: 4 mix Aggregate
		Cement	Fine	Coarse	Cement	Fine	Coarse	Cement	Fine	Coarse
		bags	cu. ft.	cu. ft.	bags	cu. ft.	cu. ft.	bags	cu. ft.	cu. ft.
3	0.92	7.5	12.9	14.7	5.8	12.9	17.5	4.6	12.9	18.4
4	1.24	10.0	17.3	19.9	7.8	17.3	23.6	6.2	17.3	24.8
5	1.56	12.5	21.6	25.0	9.8	21.7	29.6	7.8	21.8	31.2
6	1.85	15.0	25.8	29.4	11.5	26.0	35.2	9.3	26.0	37.0
8	2.46	20.0	34.6	39.8	15.4	34.4	46.8	12.3	34.4	49.3
10	3.08	25.0	43.8	50.0	19.3	43.2	58.5	15.4	43.2	61.6
12	3.70	30.0	51.6	58.8	23.1	51.8	70.4	18.5	51.8	74.0

Stairs

Stair Planning

General Rules

• The total of one riser and one tread should not be less than 16" or more than 18".
• Unit rise should be 7" to 8".
• Unit run should be 9" to 11".

Calculating the Number and Height of Risers

• In inches, determine the total rise from the finished floor of the lower level to the top of the finished floor of the top of the finished floor of the upper level.
• Divide the total rise of the stair by 7".
• Round back to the nearest whole number of riser. For example, if you get 13 and 3/4 risers, you would round back to 13 risers.
• Determine the height of the riser by dividing the total rise by the number of risers required.

Calculating the Number and Length of Treads

• In inches, determine the total run from a point at the head of the stair to the outside edge of the last riser.
• Divide the total run of the stair by nine to get the number of treads, round back to the nearest whole number

Baluster Rail Height

• The distance from the top of the baluster rail to the top of the tread, at the middle, should be no less than 32" and no more than 36".
• Determine the length of the tread by dividing the total run by the number of treads.

Stairs

Common Stair Calculations

Floor to Floor	Risers	Height of Riser	Tread Width	Total run	Head Room	Well Opening
8' 0"	12	8"	9"	8' 3"	6' 8"	8' 1"
	13	7 3/8" +	9 1/2"	9' 6"	6' 8"	9' 2 1/2"
	13	7 3/8"	10"	10' 0"	6' 8"	9' 8 1/2"
8' 6"	13	7 7/8" -	9"	9' 0"	6' 8"	8' 3"
14	7 5/16" -	9 1/2"	10' 3 1/2"	6' 8"	9' 4"
14	7 5/16" -	10"	10' 10"	6' 8"	9' 10"
9' 0"	14	7 11/16" +	9"	9' 9"	6' 8"	8' 5"
15	7 5/16" +	9 1/2"	11' 1"	6' 8"	9' 6 1/2"
15	7 5/16" +	10"	10' 6"	6' 8"	9' 11 1/2"

Hardwood Flooring

Conversion Formulas

2 1/4" Width	3 1/4" Width
Board Feet to Square Feet Board Feet x .75 = Square Feet Examples: 936 BF x .75 = 702 SF	Board Feet to Square Feet Board Feet x .8125 = Square Feet Examples: 936 BF x .8125 = 760.5 SF
Square Feet to Board Feet Square Feet x 1.33 = Board Feet Examples: 702 SF x 1.333 = 936 BF	Square Feet to Board Feet Square Feet x 1.231 = Board Feet Examples: 760.5 SF x 1.231 = 936 BF
Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price BF Price x 1.333 = SF Price Examples: $1350/M x 1.333 = $1.80/SF	Board Foot Price to Square Foot Price BF Price x 1.231 = SF Price Examples: $1900/M x 1.231 = $2.34/SF
Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price SF Price x .75 = BF Price Examples: $1.80/SF x .75 = $1350/m BF	Square Foot Price to Board Foot Price SF Price x .8125 = BF Price Examples: $2.34/SF x .8125 = $1901/M BF
Note: Always round up Add +5% for Cutting Waste	Note: Always round up Add +5% for Cutting Waste

Hardwood Flooring

Nailing Schedule

NOFMA Hardware Flooring Must be installed over a proper subfloor. T&G must be blind nailed on the tongue edge along the length of the strip/plank and near the ends (1"-3") with face nailing required on starting runs (1-2) and finishing runs (2-4), Sq. edge must be face nailed. Inadequate nailing contributes to cracks and noisy floors by allowing movement of the floor.

Strip T&G

	Nail Size	Blind Nail Spacing
3/4"x 1 1/2", 2 1/4", 3 1/4" T&G Must install over proper sub-floor	2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail, 2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2" crowns	10-12" part, 8-10" preferred.
1/2"x 1 1/2" & 2" Must install over proper sub-floor	1 1/2" barbed flooring cleat, 5d screw, cut steel or wire casing nail.	10" apart.
3/8" x 1 1/2" & 2" Must install over proper sub-floor	1 1/4" barbed flooring cleat, 4d bright wire casing nail.	8" apart.

Square Edge-Flooring

	Nail Size	Face Nail Spacing
5/16" x 1 1/2" & 2" Must install over proper sub-floor.	1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad.	2 nails every 7"
5/16" x 1 1/3" Must install over proper sub-floor.	1" 15-gauge fully barbed flooring brad.	1 nail every 5" on alternate sides of strip

Plank

	Nail Size	Nail Spacing
3/4" x 4" to 8" T&G Widths 4" + must install over proper sub-floor	2" barbed flooring cleat, 7d or 8d flooring nail or 2" 15-gauge staples with 1/2" crowns.	Blind nail 8" apart. May require face nailing for additional fastening. Follow manufacturer's instructions.

Electrical Wire

Wire Sizes & Amp Ratings
Copper AWG	NM & UF 30° C (86° F)	THHN, Use-2, XHHW-2 & SEU 90° C Copper
14-Gauge	15 amps	15 amps
12-Gauge	20 amps	20 amps
10-Gauge	30 amps	30 amps
8-Gauge	40 amps	55 amps
6-Gauge	55 amps	75 amps
4-Gauge	70 amps	95 amps
2-Gauge	95 amps	130 amps
1/0	-	170 amps
2/0	-	195 amps
3/0	-	225 amps
4/0	-	260 amps

Warning: All wire must be protected according to amp rating, installation of electrical wire can be hazardous. The above applications are general applications. Consult a professional engineer for special conditions. Always consult the National Electrical code and your local building/electrical Inspector.

Standard Finishes

U. S. Standard Finishes	Description of Finish	BHMA
1b	Bright Black	601
2G	Plain Zinc Plate	603
3	Bright Brass	605
4	Satin Brass	606
5	Satin Brass, Oxidized	609
7	Bright Brass, Nickel Oxidized & Highlighted	610
9	Bright Bronze	611
9A	Bright Bronze, No Lacquer	N/A
10	Satin Bronze	612
10A	Antique Bronze, Lacquered	641
10B	Antique Bronze, Oiled	613
14	Bright Nickel	618
14A	Bright Nickel, Oxidized & Highlighted	N/A
14B	Black Nickel, Bright	N/A
15	Satin Nickel	619
15A	Satin Nickel, Nickel Oxidized & Highlighted	620
17A	Black Nickel, Dull	621
20	Statuary Bronze, Light	623
20A	Statuary Bronze, Dark	624
26	Bright Chromium Plated	625
26D	Satin Chromium Plated	626
32	Stainless Steel Metal, Bright	629
32D	Stainless Steel Metal, Satin	630
USP	Prime Coat	600